The Bulletin. 45 



been given to cow-peas, peanuts, bur clover, vetch, grasses, small grains, etc. 

 The extent of the work with field crops is shown by the fact that on the Edge- 

 combe and Iredell farms combined were conducted during 1000 between 250 

 and ;!00 t(>s(s with corn, about 250 witli cotton. i::0 with cow-peas, 'Mi with 

 peanuts, 50 with alfalfa, 2:i with wheat, 5 with oats, and a large nundier with 

 grasses and bur clover and hairy vetch. 



The fertilizer experiments, which are the most extensively conducted of 

 any of the tests during the six years in which they have been iu progress, 

 have shown that the fertilizer requirements for the different types of 

 soil are quite variable. This is especially marked by the increase in crops on 

 the sandy soils of the east from the use of potash and the aljsence of such 

 increase from its use on the red clay soils of the Piedmont section. Large 

 savings in the fertilizer bill of the State can and is being made by the use of 

 this information by the farmers of the State. 



A large number of tests, looking towards the improvement in the yield of 

 cotton and corn by seed selection, have been conducted during the past three 

 years with promising results. Experiments are also in progress on the Pender 

 farm to obtain information concerning the best fertilization, varieties, cultural 

 treatment, etc., for the various truck crops grown in that section of the State. 

 The Transylvania farm, located between Brevard and Hendersonville, is 

 largely devoted to conducting experiments with apples, Irish potatoes, corn 

 and the grasses. 



SOIL, WORK AND SOIL SURVEY MAPS. 



During the past three years soil surveys have been completed and maps 

 published, showing the location and extent of different types of soil in Duplin, 

 New Hanover, Chowan, Pasquotank, Perquimans, Transylvania, Henderson 

 and Edgecombe Counties, and the beginning made on a map of Robeson 

 County. These maps have been made in co-operation with the Bureau of Soils 

 of the United States Departmeht of Agriculture. About 22 per cent of the 

 total area of the State has been mapped. Many samples of the type soils have 

 been analyzed in the laboratory to determine the amount of the different plant 

 food constituents in the soils of the different sections. These analyses have 

 revealed marked differences in the amount of plant food contained, and with 

 the experiments on the test farms have thrown much light on the fertilizer 

 requirements and cultural methods needed for the best results. 



THE HORTICULTURAL WORK. 



The horticultural possibilities of North Carolina are not surpassed by those 

 of any other State in the Union, and certainly they are not equaled by those 

 of any other State in the South. Every peculiarity of soil and climate, every 

 possible condition of plant environment found on the Atlantic seaboard, from 

 Florida to New York, can be found duplicated in this State. The movement 

 which will result in their full development is well under way, and in this 

 work the State Department of Agriculture is materially assisting through the 

 Division of Horticultiu-e. Trucking crops of the east are being studied on the 

 Pender farm, where experiments are conducted with lettuce, strawberries, 

 potatoes, cabbage and other truck crops, pecans, and, on a small scale, other 

 tree fruits. An extensive planting of scuppernong grapes is being made, which 

 will include all known varieties with tests of methods for cultivating, ferti- 

 lizing, pruning, training and handling the products. On the Iredell farm tests 

 are being made of pecans, peaches, pears and in a small way apples and small 

 fruits. On the Transylvania farm varieties of apples possibly suited to the 

 section, are being tested and plans are being made for experiments with 

 peaches, celery, cabbage, potatoes, etc. 



ENTOMOLOGICAL WORK. 



Although the Division of Entomology has been in existence but a few years, 

 there is a constant and increasing influx of enquiries regarding insect pests of 

 particular crops and plants, together with appeals for effective methods to 

 control the evil-doers. These inquiries receive the prompt attention of the 



