Cetraria islandica has an extremely wide range. Competition is also 

 involved in the zonation for certain species such as Cladonia 

 alpestris, and other lichens do not grow well in close association 

 with taller vascular plants. 



• Zonation along seacoasts is often caused by differential toler- 

 ance of species to salinity. Salt spray appears to be the chief fac- 

 tor in causing zonation on the Atlantic Coast of the southeastern 

 United States. Adjacent to the bare beach is a zone of sea oats 

 {Umola paniculata) forming a foredune, followed inland by a zone 



Chart 2. Frequency distribution of species along the transect shown in Chart 1. 

 Communities are indicated by letters A, B, C, and D. (After Dahl, E. (62), 

 "Rondane, Mountain Vegetation in South Norway and Its Relation to the 

 En\'ironment," Figure 10, Aschehoug & Co., Oslo, 1956.) 



Batuto nano 

 Cathvta viigcvis 

 Empv^iT^ harmop'V'Odttxn 

 LOiM'ei'io procuTtMna 

 Phytodoc« coanMo 

 VoccMun myrtiBuS 



jHginosun 



vilis-idoM 

 Cor 61 biQvlowa 



Dri^inoscans 

 Dcschampsio n«mosa 



,A¥>CUS tnfiduS 



Ccpholozio sp 

 OrthocouliS ftoeriMJ 

 PTSidun cfiore 

 Ocronum tuscesvns 

 PoTytrichum olptnum 



)unp«rinum 

 W«b«ra njtons 

 ComKuloria (fevergcm 

 Alvctorio oovoteuca 

 C«rroro CucuJIOlQ 



ntvotis 



Isloniftca 

 Ctodonio o^ticoia 

 alpeitns 

 MI((ttlora 

 cocaforo 

 cnspoto 

 ecmocyno 

 fimbrtaio 

 700 lis « chordahft 



rongiferino 

 jnciols 

 Sterftocoulor po«cnol« 





■ia*i ^MM^ m\ m 



F^requenC) Scole l-lO . 



Ecological Characteristics o£ Species & Populat 



moMis 



19 



