of an area (Figure 2-2) the distribution of a species may be at ran- 

 dom and without noticeable pattern unless some spots are more 

 favorable for growth than others, but contagious aggregation 

 soon appears and results in morphological and physiographic 

 patterns; following this, competition, replacement of species, and 

 association of species lead to sociologic patterns. However, as the 

 climax is approached the pattern becomes less pronounced, but 

 even in the climax the three kinds of pattern usually exist. 



GENERAL REFERENCES 



Becking, R. W., "The Ziirich-Montpellier School of Phytosociology," Botan. Rev., 



23,411-488 (1957). 

 Braun-Blanquet, J., "Plant Sociology," McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 



N.Y., 1932. 

 Braun-Blanquet, J., "Pflanzensoziologie. Grundziige der Vegetationskunde," 



2nd Ed., Springer- Verlag, Vienna, 1951. 

 Cain, S. A. and Castro, G. M. de O., "Manual of Vegetadon Analysis," 



Harper & Bros., New York, N.Y, 1959. 

 Greig-Smith, P., "Quantitative Plant Ecology," Academic Press, Inc., New 



York, N.Y, 1957. 

 Hanson, Herbert C, "Ecology of the Grassland, II," Botan. Rev., 16, 283-360 



(1950). 



132 • The ComMnunity 



