Change (Contin.) 

 noncyclic, 145 

 noncyclic replacement, 136, 145, 



163 

 rate of, 145, 158, 166 

 replacement. See Replacement 



change 

 successional, 136, 145, 148 

 Chaparral, 64 



Cheatgrass. See Bromus tectorum 

 Chenopodium (Goosefoots), 96 



album (lamb's quarters), 97, 187; 

 leptophyllum (narrow-leaved C), 

 71 

 Chestnut. See Castanea 

 Chorology, 1, 186. See also Synchor- 



ology 

 Chrysothamnus stenophyllus (Rabbit 



brush), 85 

 Cistus monspeliensis, 44 

 Cladoma (Reindeer lichens), 139, 157 

 alpestns, 18, 30, 62-63, 162; cnst- 

 atella, 155; rangifenna (reindeer 

 moss), 64, 162; silvatica, 143, 162; 

 subtenuis, 155 

 Class, a category in the classification 



of communities, 179, 180 

 Classification of vegetation, 68, 176 

 artificial, 176 



criteria, 173, 176, 177, 188 

 empirical, 176 

 hierarchical system, 179 

 natural, 176 

 practical, 176 

 rational, 176 

 zonal, 187 

 Clements, F. E., 66, 155, 184 

 CUmax, 137, 142, 152, 155, 159-163 

 and fluctuation, 145, 148, 167 

 and pattern, 132 

 and phenology, 89 

 and replacement, 145 

 criteria, 159, 163, 164, 166 

 definition, 159 

 Clintonia borealis (Blue-bead), 94 

 Cline, 136, 172 

 Clipping, and height of plants, 107 



and weight of plants, 109 

 Clover, prairie {Petalostemum), 113 

 Clover. See Trifolium 



Clumped distribution, 113 

 Coaction, 26, 65, 72, 154 

 Colchicum autumnale (Common autumn- 

 crocus), 87 

 Colorado, 17, 23, 38, 47, 56, 64, 73, 

 79, 81, 107, 108, 110, 114, 122, 

 125, 129, 151, 154, 179, 183, 184, 

 185 

 Commensalism, 53 

 Community 

 abstract, 66, 68 

 boundaries, 141 



characteristics, 75-132, 173, 174, 

 177 

 analytic, 77 

 qualitative, 77-79 

 quantitative, 77, 100-115 

 synthetic, 121-132, 177 

 classification, 68, 171 

 closed, 89 



complementary, 146 

 concrete, 66 

 definition, 66 

 duration, 158, 159, 175 

 individual, 66, 171 

 nature of, 1 , 59-60 

 regeneration, 143 

 species composition, 77, 80, 160, 



173, 178, 188 

 status, 137, 165 



Community-complex, 174 

 Community-mosaic, 174 

 Community-type, 67, 70, 125, 128, 



174, 178 

 micro-, 175 



Competition, 27-34 



and grazing, 1 14 



and grouping of species, 71, 141 



and growth-form, 96 



and height, 107 



and high-alpine species, 57 



and population density, 101 



influence of phenology upon, 88 



interspecific, 62 



intraspecific, 62 

 Complex, environmental, 160 

 Composition, floristic, 148, 159, 171 



criterion of classification, 177, 180, 

 182 

 Comptonia peregrina (Sweetfern), 84 



206 • Index 



