Faber, von, F. C, 186 



Factor. See Environmental factor 



Fagus (Beeches) 



grandifolia, 83; sylvatica (European 

 B.), 87, 187 

 Fauna, 186 

 Faunistics, 187 

 Fescue. See Festuca 

 Festuca-Agrostis grassland, 35 

 Festuca (Fescues) 



arizomca (Arizona F.), 47, 102, 108, 

 184; idahoensis (Idaho F.), 45; oc- 

 toflora (six-weeks F.), 11, 93; ovina 

 (sheep F.), 21, 47, 62, 72, 139, 

 158; ovina var. duriuscula (hard 

 F.), 62; rubra (red F.), 187; vivi- 

 para (viviparous sheep F.), 41 

 Fidelity, 103, 119, 126-128, 179 



classification of, 126 



definition, 126 

 Fir. See Abies 



Fir, Douglas. See Pseudotsuga 

 Fire, ecological effects, 8, 41, 152 

 Flora, 186 

 Floristic composition, 66, 78-82 



use in classification, 178-181 

 Floristics, 187 



Fluctuation. See Change, fluctuation 

 Fames ignanus, 52 

 Ford, E. B., 43 

 Forest, classification of, 177, 185, 187 



coniferous, 80, 83-84 



deciduous, 51, 80, 83, 94, 101 



replacing grassland, 68 

 Formation, 66, 187 

 Frequence, Raunkiaer's law of, 113 

 Frequency, 78, 112-119, 129, 161, 

 172, 178 



and pattern, 131 



percentage, 112 



use in biological spectrum, 95 

 Frequency-abundance index, 115-116 



Galeopsis (Hemp nettle) 



bifida, 41; tetrahit, 41 

 Gaultheria procumbens (Wintergreen), 84 

 Gaura coccinea (Butterfly weed), 71 

 Gebietsassoziation, 181 

 Gene pool, 175 



Genetic continuity, 61 

 Genotype, 15, 24, 42, 43, 92 

 Geographical characteristics, 177, 186 



use in classification of communities, 

 186-187 

 Geographical distribution, 186 

 Geographical range, 128 

 Geological processes, 157 

 Geophyte, 93 

 Georgia, 35, 52 

 Germination, 65, 74 

 Glaciation, 138, 158 

 Gleason, H. A., 67 

 Glocladium, 37 

 Goldenrod. See Solidago 

 Good, R., 15 



Goosefoot. See Chenopodium 

 Gradient, continuous, 141 



discontinuous, 141 



in environmental conditions, 69, 73, 

 137-141, 156, 157, 167, 183 



intrastand, 139 



macro-, 139, 141 



medium scale, 138 



meso-, 141 



micro-, 139, 141, 157 



secondary, 138 

 Gramagrass-needlegrass-sedge com- 

 munity type, 70-71 

 Grass-heath, 158 

 Grasshoppers, effects of, 49 

 Grasslands, 40, 53, 67, 81, 82, 94, 99 



biomes, 68 



California, 61, 68 



classification of, 177, 179, 185 



depleted, 90 



duration of, 44 



evolution of, 24 



frequency in, 114 



good condition, 31 



grazed vs. virgin, 115 



Great Plains, 72, 92, 96, 98, 140 



mature, 82, 128 



research in, 81, 102, 109 

 Grayia spinosa (Spiny hop-sage), 85 

 Grazing, and cover, 102 



and frequency ratio, 114 



and height of plants, 107, 108 



and weight of plants, 109-1 1 1 



Index • 209 



