REFERENCES 237 



liundred and sixty-three of the 548 species are in bloom during 

 August although only 106 begin blooming in that month. Although 

 the largest numbers of flowers are in bloom during the middle of the 

 summer, the region is practically never without some plant in bloom 

 from the middle of ]\Iarch to the end of October. 



142. Phenology in East Central Texas.— Recent studies by 

 Chenault in Brazos County, Texas, where the average annual tem- 

 perature is about 68° F., shows that there are some plants in bloom 

 in each of the four seasons. There are, however, seven distinct 

 "waves" of flowering periods, one in winter, three during spring, two 

 during summer, and one in autumn. The differences in blooming 

 time of the plants representing these seven "waves" are due to 

 different responses to relative length of da}' and night, temperature, 

 and other variable factors of the environment and, while many 

 species of one group may overlap into the blooming period of the 

 next group, the year is divided up among the numerous native 

 species in such a way that there is much less competition between 

 species than there would be if all had their period of blooming 

 activity at the same time of year. A knowledge of such phenological 

 data is of great practical importance in connection with the matter of 

 honey plants for domestic bees and of food plants for quail and other 



wildlife species. 



REFERENCES 



Chenault, Tandy P.: The Phenology of Some Bob-white Food and Cover 



Plants in Brazos County, Texas, Jour, of Wildlife Management, 4, 359-368, 



1940. 

 Harshberger, John W. : The Vegetation of the New Jersey Pine-barrens, 



Philadelphia, Christopher Sower Company, XI, 329 p., 1916. 

 Robertson, C: Phenology of EntomophUous Flowers, Ecology, 5, 393-407, 



1924. 

 Wolfe, T. K.: Observations on the Blooming of Orchard Grass Flowers, 



Jour. Am. Soc. Agron., 17, 605-618, 1925. 



