284 



INDEX 



Sumach, 222, 225, 227, 230, 251 

 Sun leaves, 43 

 Sundew, 60, 230 

 Sunflower, 224 

 Sun-hydrophyte, 159 

 Sunlightmeter, 128 

 Sitriana maritima, 186 

 Swamps, 168 



roots in, 20 

 Sweet cisely, 187 



clover, 224 



potato, starch in, 18 

 Sycamore, 224 

 Syconium, 86, 87 

 Symbiosis, definition of, 55 



nutritive conjunctive, 101, 116 

 disjunctive, 58, 73-87 



social conjunctive, 89-100 

 disjunctive, 56 

 Symbiotic phenomena, 258, 265 



classification of, 55 

 Symplocarpus foetidus, 84, 86, 169 

 Syncytes, 29, 37 

 Synecology, 13, 180 

 Syrphid flies, 84 



Tamarack, 175, 230 



Tansley, Arthur George, 202, 271 



Tape grass, pollination of, 71 



Taylor, Aravilla M., 231 



Taylor, R. F., 157 



Technical terms applied to plant com- 

 munities, 192 



Temperature, 39, 130-136 

 and crop plants, 134-136 

 and plant distribution, 133 

 internal, 130, 131 

 maximum, 132 

 minimum, 130-131 

 optimum, 132-133 

 soil, 133-134 



Tendril climbers, 91-93 



Termites, 60 



Thermal constant, 134 



Therophytes, 177 



Thornthwaite, C. Warren, 166 



Thornton, H. G., 117 



Thuja plicata, 245 



Tilia americana, 227, 238 



Tillandsia, 98 

 hairs of, 49 



Toadflax, 105 



Tobacco, pollination of, 84 



Tolerance, 124-125 



Touch-me-not, 184 



Toumey, J. W., 137, 261 



Tozzia, 105 



TrachesE, 29, 90 



Tracheids, 29 



Transect, 267 



Transpiration, 39, 41, 45, 48, 52, 142. 

 160-161 



effect on palisade development, 43, 

 44 



protection from, 48-50 



surface, reduction of, 33, 49-50 



water plants, 39 

 Transplanting, 23, 24 

 Travertine, 205 

 Tree and plant communities compared, 



189-191 

 Trees, deciduous, 35 



leafless evergreen, 34 



sclerophyllous evergreen, 33 



tropical evergreen, 33 

 Trelease, Sam F., 166 

 Trelease, William, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 

 Trifolium, flowers of, 80, 81 



pollination of, 80-82 

 Trillium, pollination of, 84 

 Trimorphic flowers, 77 

 TroTpaeolum, tendrils of, 92 

 Tropoparasites, 103 

 Tropophytes, 160 

 Trumbull, R. S., 156 

 Tsuga canadensis, 239, 243 



heterophylla, 245 



mertensiana, 244 

 Tubers, stem, 40 

 Tulaikov, N. M., 166 

 Tulip tree, 126 

 Tumbleweeds, 185 

 Turner, L. M., 26 

 Twiners, 90, 91 

 Typha, 127, 168, 169, 224, 229 



U 



Ulmus, 184 



americana, 100, 224 

 Utricularia, 62 



Vaccinium, 110, 152, 175, 230 



pennsylvanicum, 222 



vacillans, 222 

 Vallisneria spiralis, 71 

 Vanilla, tendrils of, 93 

 Varela, A. G., 189. 195 

 Vegetation, 133 



forms, 177-178 

 Vegetative reproduction, 27 

 Velamen, 25 

 Venus's flytrap, 61, 62 

 Verbascum thapsus, 49 

 Vernal season, 233 

 Vernalization, 121 

 Viburnum acerifolium, 223 

 Viola pedala, 222 

 Violets, cleistogamous flowers of, 80 



