Francis E. Lloyd — 12— Carnivorous Plants 



der hairs, and very glandular. The twin hairs on the outer surface are 

 finely tuberculate (Text fig. i). 



The other recently described species H. Tatei, H. Tyleri and H. 

 Macdonaldae (Gleason 1931) are tall shrubby plants (4 feet), but 

 otherwise present only a few differences which concern us here._ The 

 leaf is in all three much elongated, the major elongation being in the 

 bell which becomes tubular, expanding only at the top where it is sur- 

 mounted by a rather large and massive overhanging lip-Hke appendage, 

 which, hke the spoon in //. nutans, carries large nectar glands. The 

 most divergent of the three is H. Macdonaldae, in which the inner sur- 

 face of the bell is quite smooth except along the free margin and for a 

 narrow zone at the lower hmit of the neck about 2 cm. wide. The 

 distribution of small glands on the outer surface is much the same as 

 in H. nutans except that they do not occur on the outer faces of the 

 extensive stipular wings. 



Glands are absent from the interior surface of the bell where the 

 surface is smooth, while even when in H. nutans the surface of the bell 

 is smooth, as it sometimes is, glands occur nevertheless. 



An adaptive feature of very great interest is one reported by Tate :— 



"The question arose as to how the pitchers, closely packed 



and unable to bend over as they were, maintained a constant water 

 level and succeeded in getting rid of the excess water poured into them 

 during the frequent heavy rains. Upon examination it was found that 

 each leaf had a small pore in the seam (opposite the midrib) placed 

 just at the juncture of the basal water containing part of the pitcher 

 and the terminal portion, through which the excess fluid_ might run 

 out. This observation was made on H. Macdonaldae, but in all prob- 

 abihty holds for other species as well. " (Tate, quoted by Gleason, 



1931). 



I have examined the material collected by Dr. Tate with much 

 care and interest, so far as it was permitted, and I have found that 

 the condition described above is to be found in its most pronounced 

 form in H. Tatei. To understand the morphology involved _ let us 

 compare the structure of the leaf with that of H. nutans, in which the 

 closed tubular portion ends abruptly in a bell, sht for a short dis- 

 tance along the ventral border, the margins running downward as the 

 ventral wings as above described, to be continued as the stipular 

 wings. In H. Tatei the leaves are from 40 to 50 cm. long, and the 

 stipules, in accordance with the shrubby habit of the plant, are very 

 long, clasping the bearing stem and adjacent leaf bases. The ventral 

 wings are short and fohose, while the bell is very long, being slit 

 down the ventral side for some distance. The edges of the trumpet 

 are here also confluent with the ventral wings, but above the morpho- 

 logical limit of the slit they are concrescent except for a space of about 

 one centimeter at its lowest limit. Here the edges of the bell remain 

 free, forming a short elongated-oval slit, which we may call the drain- 

 slit or pore (Text fig. i). The head of water released by flowing 

 through the slit amounts to 5 cm. in some leaves, or possibly more, 

 often less. This would have the effect of lowering the center of gravity 

 of the water loaded leaf very considerably. In //. Macdonaldae, in a 

 leaf of nearly the same length (37 cm.), the region of fused edges was 



