Francis E. Lloyd — 28 — Carnivorous Plants 



shaped leaves attaining a length of 2-3 ft. and standing in a strictly- 

 erect posture (/ — 6). The tapering tube gradually widens to the 

 top, but contracts somewhat just below the opening, the bulge being 

 scarcely wider than the opening, which is oblique. About two-thirds 

 of the margin is occupied by a nectar roll, the free edges of which 

 are continuous with the two edges of the ventral wing, as in other 

 species already described. The abaxial third of the edge of the open- 

 ing is extended into a spreading, over-hanging lid supported by its 

 broad stalk. The posture changes somewhat with age, passing from 

 a more horizontal to a more oblique position, and, according to Goebel 

 and others, serves to divert rain water from the interior of the tube. 

 The lid and upper portion of the tube are highly colored in a motley 

 of white and red, with green except in the white fenestrations, which 

 occur here as in S. minor and Darlingtonia. 



The external surface is supplied with small nectar glands and is 

 roughly hairy on the upper part of the tube. The hairs, which are 

 like those in S. purpurea, point in various directions, and not uni- 

 formly in one direction. 



The internal surface is clearly divisible into zones. Zone i is the 

 inner surface of the lid as far as a distinct line crossing the isthmus 

 supporting it. There are many glands and stomata, and the surface 

 is studded with curved, downwardly pointed hairs of slender form 

 and bending under the pull of a fly's foot. Zone 2 starts at the line 

 across the stalk of the hd, and, including the nectar roll, extends down- 

 ward inside the tube a distance of 18 cm. in a leaf 60 cm. tall. The 

 surface is clothed with oval cells which form short sharp hairs, retrorse 

 as elsewhere. There are large nectar glands on the nectar roll and 

 in the upper one-half of the zone, but none below. There are no 

 stomata (Zipperer). This is the conducting zone (Macfarlane). 

 Zones 3 and 4 are not separable to the eye except for the fact that, 

 in the upper region of the combined zones, which are detentive, there 

 are a few glands in a narrow belt just below the lower limit of zone 2. 

 Though to the eye the line of demarkation between zones 2 and 3 is 

 distinct, the transition under the microscope is not a very sudden one, 

 since the change from very short hairs (zone 2) to the very long ones 

 of zone 3 is gradual. In zone 2, every epidermal cell is a trichome 

 (except of course where glands occur); in the zone below this is true 

 only of relatively few epidermal cells. In the upper part of zone 3, the 

 epidermal cells have more or less sinuous walls, giving way soon to 

 cells with oval outline, and this region we may recognize as zone 4. 

 The bottom of the tube is quite smooth for nearly five cm. From the 

 whole of zones 3 and 4 the cuticle is absent. The tube throughout its 

 length is greatly strengthened mechanically by the presence of a wavy 

 thick walled second layer. 



Macfarlane denied the presence of glands in the upper part of 

 the detentive zone, saying that there are stomata surrounded by 

 groups of cells. I think he was mistaken in this. The glands, which 

 are few in number, are somewhat distorted, owing to the character 

 of the epidermis of many imbricated hairs, but are nevertheless clearly 

 glands. There are no stomata (Zipperer). 



In addition to the normal pitcher leaves there are others in which 



