Chapter V — 83 — Cephalotus 



swings around the curve towards the lid, and are longitudinally ridged. 

 The largest teeth, however, are opposite the median and lateral ridges 

 {lo — 2). The purse of the pitcher externally has three strong ridges, 

 one a ventral one, T-shaped in transverse section, extending along the 

 front of the pitcher along its whole length, along and below the midrib 

 of the pouched leaf, the other two lateral and obliquely placed. These, 

 too, are T-shaped though less obviously so. The lateral and median 

 wings are connected by a low ridge, readily discernible only in strongly 

 developed pitchers. From each lateral wing there runs a similar but 

 more vague ridge toward the petiole {10 — i, 11). All three bear 

 strong cilia, chiefly on the edges of the lateral wings {10 — 7). These 

 cilia develop early, so that a young pitcher looks, as Hamilton put it, 

 like a "vegetable hedgehog." These ridges must be regarded as ena- 

 tions from the ventral and subventral surfaces of the leaf (Goebel 

 1 89 1, Troll 1932). In addition to these there are low but quite evi- 

 dent ridges between them, especially evident near the toothed rim, and 

 which may pass for mere rugosities, but which are probably more than 

 that. The rest of the frontal (appearing ventral but really dorsal) 

 surface presents low rugosities. The lid overhangs the opening more or 

 less closely according to age, and is nicely arched, but is not, as once 

 believed (Woolls), moveable. It is traversed radially by narrow 

 patches of green ciHated tissue, often forking once or twice toward the 

 margin of the lid; and lying between them are clear patches devoid of 

 chlorophyll, which present window-like areas framed in green, or in 

 nature usually bright red mullions. Whatever their purpose is, they are 

 evidently analogous to the fenestrations in Sarracenia and Darling- 

 tonia: they are to insects apparently open spaces and the insects are 

 thus tempted to escape through them, to rebound into the depths of 

 the pitcher. The lid is emarginate, a feature which can be seen in 

 abnormal intergrade forms, in which the transverse pad at the base of 

 the blade betrays itself as a bilobed structure {10 — 11, etc.). In the 

 unopened pitcher the apical notch of the Hd lies beneath the end of the 

 median enation and straddles its wing, the lid margin inclosing the 

 teeth. The edge of the lid is ciHated, the hairs becoming reduced and 

 more or less contorted along the frontal region. It is devoid of a mid- 

 vein, being supplied by two pairs of veins from the ventral moiety of 

 the petiole bundles {10 — 4, 8). The veins traverse the green strips of 

 the lid between the white patches. From each of the angles of the lid 

 and mouth edge runs a low ridge (scarcely "wings" as Arber puts it) 

 demarking, according to Dickson, the ventral aspect of the pitcher 

 (70 — 1, 11). 



Mrs. Arber (1941) has advanced the suggestion that "the lid ... . 

 may be interpreted as a hypertrophy of the collar region", that it is 

 "essentially of the same nature as the collar" being "indicated by the 

 fact that the cornice continues unaltered below both the collar and the 

 lid. It is possible that the thickened ribs of the expanded hd are 

 equivalent to the hooks of the collar". To this it may be replied that 

 the teeth of the rim are developed from the margin of the abaxial, distal 

 part of the leaf and that the lid is the whole adaxial, basal part of the 

 leaf which, as the teratological evidence shows (/o — 13-18), arises as 

 two lobular extensions that fuse (concrescence), the indication of this 



