Francis E. Lloyd 



84 — Carnivorous Plants 



fusion being found in the emargination of the lid, and in its ''dual" 

 structure, to be expected in peltate leaves. 



The whole of the pitcher, "slipper" shaped as already said, has a 

 gentle forwardly concave curvature. The under side is the thinnest 

 region, and rests, in nature, on the surface of the soil, in such a manner 

 that the pitcher stands more or less obHquely {9 — 1, 2). 



The interior of the pitcher is divisible into two distinct zones, the 

 upper of which forms a collar with, at its lower edge, an overhanging 

 eave. The epidermis of this collar ("conducting shelf", Dickson) 

 forms a surface of low pointed trichomes which are downwardly di- 

 rected, supplying a smooth, glistening, chalk- white face. This surface 

 is continuous with that of the lid, where the trichomes point in the 

 same sense but here they are very low and appear as imbricated. 

 Among them are numerous nectar glands. 



The jutting eave overhangs, like the entrance of a lobster pot, the 

 far interior of the pitcher. Here the surface is smooth, and the epider- 

 mal cells are wavy-walled, the radial synclinal walls supported by 

 numerous buttresses from the angles of the undulations. There are in 

 the upper region (ca. one half of the surface) extending further down 

 in front than behind, many glands, which are smaller above, becoming 

 larger below. These are, it may be fairly argued, digestive in function. 

 In the lower half there is on each side an obliquely placed kidney- 

 shaped mass, in reaUty a thickened bolster of tissue, called by Dick- 

 son the "lateral coloured patch," since it is usually deeply red colored, 

 and which Hamilton preferred to call the "lateral gland mass." The 

 upper zone of this bolster is the seat of a number of very large glands 

 though they are not wholly confined to it (9 — 4)- Its lower half has 

 a very peculiar feature in the presence of numerous immobile stomata 

 with widely open mouths first observed but not properly understood 

 by Dickson (/o — 23). The function of the glands also is digestive, 

 the general evidence for which was offered by Dakin {see below). The 

 lower portion of the general surface of the pitcher interior is entirely free 

 of glands. Hamilton thinks that normally only the lower portion of 

 the pitcher holds fluid and the obliquity of the distribution of the 

 glands in the upper zone is correlated therewith, since the pitchers 

 usually lie somewhat obliquely on the ground. My own observations 

 lead me to doubt this as a matter of fact; particularly it is difficult to 

 agree that the quantity of fluid is so definitely restricted. While it is a 

 curious enough fact that the distribution of the glands is as described 

 above, there may very well be another explanation, for the glands of 

 the lateral patches in any event would, according to the Hamllton 

 view, be submersed. 



Slender rhizomes produce very small pitchers, having a slightly 

 different aspect in detail from that of the normally larger pitchers. 

 They attain a size in general of about i cm. in length, often less, with 

 tissues correspondingly thinner and more delicate. A major difference 

 is in the development of the teeth surrounding the mouth: there 

 are fewer of them and all arise from an external low ridge, and stand 

 freely independent of the actual edge of the mouth (70 — 9-12), one 

 opposite each of the three wings, and two further back on each side. 

 A further important difference is the relatively greater width of the 



