Francis E. Lloyd — 86 — Carnivorous Plants 



numerous glands. These are smaller above and become increasingly- 

 larger below. In the bolster itself the glands attain the maximum size, 

 and occupy chiefly the upper half of it, though not entirely excluded 

 from the lower half {9 — 4). This latter is covered with a wavy- 

 walled epidermis supplied with extremely numerous stomata. 



The small glands which occur on the outer surface and on the inner 

 surface of the Hd, have, as Goebel (1891) pointed out, essentially the 

 same structure as those of Sarracenia, but are directly comparable 

 rather to those of the outer surface of the pitcher in that genus. In 

 these there is only one course of cells, six in number, surmounting a 

 single parenchyma cell (2 — 16). The same is true of Cephalotus, with 

 the difference that, while in Sarracenia the "cover" cells are inwardly 

 drawn out to a point, those in the Cephalotus gland reach inwardly as 

 far as do the four surrounding cells {10 — 21). The glands are very 

 small, indeed no bigger in transverse section than the stomata with 

 which they are interspersed, and are no deeper than the surrounding 

 epidermal cells. The outer walls are all suberized, except both outer 

 and inner walls of the basal cell, derived from the parenchyma. The 

 inner wall of this cell, in contact with the six other cells, is not, as in 

 Sarracenia, reticulated. Whether more than one cell at the base of the 

 gland may be regarded as part of the gland is questionable but possible. 

 I have seen some indications that such is the case, as Goebel (1891) 

 seems to have thought. As he did not afford a drawing (nor has any- 

 one else since) of this particular gland, it is difficult to decide what 

 precisely was Goebel's meaning. 



These glands are found on all green parts, and appear to have the 

 same function as analogous glands in Nepenthes, Sarracenia. Hamil- 

 ton observed insects feeding on the outer surface of the pitcher, but 

 could not satisfy himself that nectar was present. It is possible as 

 Goebel suggested that they secrete something else attractive to in- 

 sects. 



The glands of the inner surface of the lid have the same structure 

 as those above described. 



In the far interior of the pitcher the glands are of various sizes, 

 smaller above and increasingly larger the deeper they are placed till 

 the maximum size is reached in the glandular patches. They are flask- 

 shaped, with a broad neck lying in the plane of the epidermis, made 

 up of a greater or smaller number of columnar cells (neck cells) whose 

 outer walls are very much thickened and pitted. The wafls lying 

 against the epidermis around the neck of the gland are also thickened 

 and suberized, and, forming an investment of the whole gland there is 

 a single layer of flatfish cells (similar to the flat cell below the small 

 gland of the outer pitcher surface) which are strongly cuticularized in 

 their radial waUs only, not, as Goebel thought, wholly. Each of these 

 sheathing ceUs is therefore a window, or better a double cellulose 

 window framed in mullions of suberized walls. The body of the gland 

 is made up of rounded thin-walled cells, evidently the active glandular 

 secreting cells, as indicated by the richness of the protoplasmic con- 

 tent {10 — 20). 



When the neck ceUs are examined as part of the epidermis in face 

 view, the outer walls, in the case of the smallest glands, are arranged 



