Francis E. Lloyd — 84 — Carnivorous Plants 



formed by its prop-cell at the other end {ii — 6). In consequence of 

 this development, the trapping hairs stand approximately at right 

 angles to the edges of the funnel formed by the prop-cells, so that al- 

 though oblique, the ridges with their trapping hairs function as in the 

 straight tube, although no two hairs on the same ridge have pre- 

 cisely the same direction. The whole structure is one to arouse won- 

 der in the observer. 



The inner surface, except that occupied by the bristle ridges, is 

 made up of wavy-walled cells with scattered glandular hairs, repeating 

 again the structure of the tube (// — 6). The funnel shaped mouths 

 of the tube and arms are guarded, outside the level of the prop-cells, 

 by shorter stiff er hairs, claw-like in shape {12 — 12), allowing some 

 room for the entrance of prey, but nevertheless inveigling them to- 

 ward the interior. The captures consist of copepods, and the like, 

 small water spiders, nematodes and plenty of other forms, many of 

 which I have seen in the Brazilian material studied. 



In both species examined, the structure is the same, with the slight 

 difference that the large African species structures are not so crowded 

 and in consequence are easier to decipher. 



The glands are all of the same type, that common to this genus and 

 Utricularia, consisting of a basal cell anchored in the epidermis, a short 

 neck cell, and the capital of two to eight cells. It is wholly a matter 

 of speculation as to the function of these glands. They may supply 

 only mucilage to lubricate the interior and facilitate the movements of 

 prey downwards through the arms and neck, or they may secrete 

 digestive enzymes or both. I have observed that prey only half way 

 down the tubular neck shows signs of a far degree of disintegration, 

 but, as bacterial action cannot at the moment be excluded, it boots 

 nothing to do more than indicate the possibilities. The goal of prey is 

 the flask at the bottom of the neck. Here one finds various remnants 

 of the animals, copepods, spiders, nematodes, together with algae. 



According to Goebel, the twisting growth of the arms facilitates 

 their penetration of the substrate which, being filled with water, is 

 quite loose. This explanation does not help for the trap leaf up till the 

 time when the arms begin to form, which is a good deal more than half 

 the time of its growth activity. If teleological interpretation be of any 

 use, one might venture that the twisted form of the arms results in the 

 presentation in all direction of entrances to the interior so that prey 

 find openings in whatever direction they may approach. 



Literature Cited: 



Benjamin, L., Flora Brasiliensis, 10:252, 1847. 



BuLLER, A. H. Reginald, Researches on Fungi, Vol. 2, 1922. 



Darwin, C, Insectivorous Plants. 2d. ed., London 1875. 



Goebel, K., Pflanzenbiologische Schilderungen, 1891. Zur Biologic von Genlisea. Flora 



77:208-212, 1893. 

 St. Hilaire, A. de, Voyage au district des Diamans, 11:428, 1833. 

 St. Hilaire & F. de Girard, Monographie des Primulacees et des Lentibulariees du Bresil 



meridional et de la Republique Argentine. Mem. Soc. roy. des Sci. etc. d'Orleans 5, 



1840. 

 TuTiN, T. G., New Species from British Guiana, Cambridge University Expedition, 1933. 



Journ. Bot. 1934:306-341. 

 Warming, Eug., Contribution a la connaissance des Lentibulariaceae, I. Genlisea ornata 



Mart.; II. Germination des graines de VUtricidaria vulgaris. Vidensk. Medd. f. 



Naturhist. For. Kj0benhavn 1874:33-58. Resume in French (appendi.x 8). 

 Wright, C, in Grisebach's Catalogus plantarum Cubensium. Leipzig, 1866. 



