Chapter XIII 



— 215 — 



Utricularia, Biovularia 



gular window {U. subulata), or by a longitudinal slit {U. orhiculata). 

 There are only two stamens bending upward along the curve of the 

 ovary wall. 



The sepals are usually two in number, upper and lower. In Poly- 

 pompholyx there are four, hence de Candolle's justification of his 

 name Tetralobus, of slightly later date than and therefore superceded 

 by Polypompholyx Lehmann. Polypompholyx as a generic name 

 should, according to Barnhart, be in turn superseded by Cosmiza 

 Raf. 1838, since both Polypompholyx Lehmann (Feb. 1844) and Telra- 

 lohus DC. (Mar. 1844) are later names. Lehmann's name is at the 

 moment generally used. 



U. fimbriata superficially resembles Polypompholyx in having its 



Fig. 5. — Utricularia capilliflora (277) and U. Dunsiani (272); up, upper corolla lobe; 

 us, upper sepal; aus, abnormal upper sepal. The two figures on the right are shadow 

 prints from herbarium specimens, natural size. 



two fimbriate sepals backed up by two fimbriate bracts, and has been 

 incorrectly referred to Polypompholyx. Barnhart calls it Aranella 

 fimbriata (Barnhart 191 6). 



The Utriculariae are of world wide distribution. Of the widest 

 distribution are the submersed or semi-submersed plants of the type 

 of U. vulgaris. They are found occupying a circumboreal zone char- 

 acterized by certain species peculiar to it, throughout N. America 

 including Greenland, Europe and Asia. Related species extend 

 throughout the tropics and into S. America, S. Africa, Australia and 

 New Zealand. The submersed floater U. purpurea and its co-species 

 are purely American, extending from Maine, possibly Newfoundland, 

 down the Atlantic Coast, west, to Indiana, and into E. South Amer- 

 ica. Another submersed form, U. tubulata, which is related to quite 

 another group peculiar to Australia (the U. monanthos type), is found 

 in N. E. Australia (Queensland). 



The terrestrial forms are widely distributed in the tropics of the 



