Francis E. Lloyd — 224 — Carnivorous Plants 



the lower edge of the leaf, and is circinate upwards. In the axil of 

 the leaf there are two shoots, a leafy one (sta) circinate towards st2 

 and a scape (sc) circinate towards sca. sca and sc may, however, occur 

 without SC2 which is much less frequent in incidence. In the normal 

 condition therefore when the scape is developed there are at its base 

 two stolons, one from the chief axis and one from the base of the 

 scape. An additional one, apparently seen by Buchenau, may arise 

 from the scape base. My material came from Eire through Professor 

 H. H. Dixon. 



In U. gibba {21 — 12, 20), on the other hand, the first branch 

 arises at the upper edge of the leaf base. A pair of mutually facing 

 and circinate branches then arise, as in U. minor, to produce a second 

 branch and scape. Secondary scapes arise in close apposition to the 

 primary as branches of the bearing stolon. A plant sent me by 

 Dr. F. W. Went from Pasadena behaves similarly as do also U. 

 emarginata and U. exoleta {21 — 18, 19). In these species the scape 

 produces near its base numerous branches, not in any leaf axil, 

 which bear much reduced and very glandular leaves. These are rhi- 

 zoids {2 J — 8). Secondary scapes may also arise in the axils of these 

 {21 — 20). 



It is apparent that in the vulgaris type of Utricularia the branch- 

 ing has distinct pecuHarities. One sort of branch, the air-shoot, never 

 arises in any relation to a leaf. The chief stolon branch (st2) arises 

 near one edge of a leaf base, more or less overlapping the axil, but 

 never centered on it. At its base, opposite the leaf axil, arise two 

 buds, one a stolon and the other, on or near its base, an inflorescence. 

 In some species a dwarf shoot bearing only traps arises in the leaf 

 axil, behind the scape and its companion shoot. 



The rhizoids are absent from some species. They are regarded as 

 anchoring in function, but are only very ineffectively so in the floating 

 species (Glijck). They are much better developed and are much more 

 numerous in the exoleta type. 



In the mature condition the original position of the primordia is 

 usually completely obscured by the enlargement and mutual distor- 

 tion of the adjacent parts. The embryonic condition was studied 

 by Pringsheim and by Goebel, both of whom recognized the ori- 

 gin of the ''tendrils" or "air-shoots" and of the chief stolon branch. 



The immediately above mentioned species {U. gibba, exoleta, etc.) 

 are, in contrast to vulgaris, very slender plants with thread-like stolons 

 and simple leaves, once or twice divided, or even thrice {U. eniar- 

 gitiata) {20 — 2). The internodes are long. Obviously closely related 

 to these are two African species, U. cymbantha OHver and U. Ste- 

 phensae (in Ms.) which deserve special mention. These are minute 

 plants with single flowered scapes. The method of branching is 

 simple. A stolon branch (st2), always single, and without axillary 

 buds, arises near the upper edge of a leaf, but more or less axillary, 

 while the scape arises from or near to the upper surface of the stolon, 

 and near or somewhat distant from a leaf and certainly in no definite 

 relation to it {23 — 12, 13, 21, 22). 



Submersed, semi-submersed but anchored forms of the vulgaris type. — ■ 

 These fall into two groups: those which grow (i) submersed but send 



