Chapter XIII — 227 — Utricularia, Biovularia 



the traps are small. There are no rhizoids judging from Hoehne's 

 figure. 



U. montana has leaves and branch stolons alternating irregularly 

 in lateral rows, all lying in the horizontal plane of the bearing sto- 

 lon. Their axillary buds, however, He obliquely (Goebel). Branch 

 stolons may also arise from the upper chief stolon surface. The 

 condition here recalls that of U. cornuia, a small terrestrial species. 



In U. longifolia leaves may occur both laterally and on the up- 

 per stolon surface (Goebel). U. Dusenii Sylv. is a small delicate 

 plant resembling U. reniformis in habit and flower structure, and 

 has the same disposition of lateral organs. Instead of a leaf with 

 attendant stolons, the node may bear three leaves. Rhizoids are pres- 

 ent. 



The traps of all the previously mentioned plants adhere strictly 

 to the kind found in U. vulgaris. Some slight differences occur, but 

 these will be better described in a following chapter devoted to the 

 structure of the trap. 



2. The Biovularia type. — In the only two known species of Biovula- 

 ria, the general morphology aligns itself with that of the vulgaris type 

 while that of the trap stands closer to the U. purpurea type. The 

 species are B. olivacea (Wright) Kam. and B. minima (Warm.) Kam. 



Utricularia olivacea was described by C. Wright in Grisebach's 

 Plantarum Cubensium . . . (1866) and was regarded by him as closely 

 related to U. gibba, which it is not. Kamienski, who also related 

 it to U. gibba, made it the type of a new genus, Biovularia, based 

 on the number of ovules present in the ovary, namely, two, arising 

 from the bottom of the ovary and not from an enlarged central pla- 

 centa, as in Utricularia. We call it therefore Biovularia olivacea. 



The plant consists of extremely delicate axes bearing traps on 

 long stalks in the place of leaves (23^14-18). The latter are ab- 

 sent, but Wright described the plant as having them. To quote 

 him: "utriculis obovoideis ad segmenta folii capillaceo-divisa spar- 

 sis." This error seems to have arisen either from admixture with 

 other floating species or from the fact that the long stalks frequently 

 shed the traps at the outer end, and thus appear as leaves. Still 

 they are not divided. When branching occurs one or two branches 

 may arise from a node. In herbarium material (Cotype, Herb. 

 Smithsonian Institution) I could get no evidence bearing on the se- 

 quence of development. 



The inflorescence arises as a branch near the axil of a trap. This 

 branch assumes considerable thickness, and dominates, in the mat- 

 ter of size (diameter), the mother stolon. From its base arise two 

 branches, with a 120 degree angle of divergence, one somewhat higher 

 up than the other. From the apex of this short thick spur springs 

 a flower pedicel, which is surrounded at its base by an enveloping, 

 involucral scale leaf. Just within this may arise a second pedicel 

 in the axil of a second enveloping scale. In exceptional cases the 

 second pedicel may arise from a point on the first formed pedicel 

 a considerable distance above the base. A third pedicel may arise 

 from the second. We are evidently dealing here with a compound in- 

 florescence in which the chief axis is suppressed. 



