Francis E. Lloyd — 228 — Carnivorous Plants 



The ovate sepals continue development during the growth of the 

 capsule, becoming deeply denticulate along their margins, and form 

 a graceful vase-like involucre about the ripened clavate capsule. 



Usually only one seed develops. The narrowly ovate embryo (0,28 

 X 0.15 mm.) conforms to type, there being no organs differentiated. 

 It is invested by a loose and papery covering which probably remains 

 attached to the capsule. 



Biovularia minima growing in Lagoa Santa, Brazil was sus- 

 pected by Kameenski (E. und P. VI, Lentihulariaceae) to be spe- 

 cifically identical with B. olivacea, both subsumed by him under 

 Biovularia. With the courtesy of the Botanical Museum, Copen- 

 hagen, I have been able to examine the original Warming type mate- 

 rial, and am now in a position to say that the two plants are specifically 

 distinct on evidence of flower structure. 



3. The purpurea type {20 — 3). — To this type belongs a small 

 group of highly distinctive plants found only in the New World. They 

 are so far as known freely floating plants, and have no terrestrial 

 analogs. 



The plant body consists of stolons which send out at the nodes 

 6 or 7 cylindrical branches forming very regular whorls. The whole 

 displays a minor degree only of dorsiventrality which, however, is 

 more evident at and near the growing apex, where the stolon apex 

 is upwardly strongly circinate, and the branches develop at une- 

 qual rates, faster below, slower above. The cylindrical branches in 

 turn can produce branches of the third order, more below near their 

 bases (about 4), fewer above (two), also in whorls, but unevenly 

 spaced. These branches are more definitely and evidently dorsiven- 

 tral than the chief stolon, and are of limited growth, and each branch 

 is constricted at the end into a slender stalk, bearing a trap. At 

 the base of each branch there is an abscission zone, as there is also 

 at the base of each branch of the third order and at the base of the 

 trap. 



Barnhart correctly described this plant as having no leaves, 

 these being represented by verticillate branches. Luetzelburg, how- 

 ever, regards them as leaves. He studied a species which he called 

 U. elephas, which differs from U. purpurea in having only two to 

 four branches instead of 6-7. He examined the growing tip and 

 believed that he could see that the pair of lateral "leaves" were 

 united in the early stage of development. Goebel accepted Luet- 

 zelburg's interpretation. Had Luetzelburg examined U. purpurea 

 in the same way, the evidence would probably have given him pause, 

 since six or seven "leaves" would have to have been accounted for. 

 I have studied both U. purpurea and U. elephas in the same way, 

 and can find no evidence that any of the branches are fused at first. 

 This is borne out by the distribution of the vascular strands, which 

 radiate separately out from the central cylinder. Add to this the ver- 

 ticillate arrangement of the branches of the third and fourth order, 

 and it is clear that we have to do not with leaves (even in the re- 

 stricted sense this term is used when speaking of Utricularia) but with 

 branches. 



In U. elephas as in U. purpurea the scape occurs in the axil 



