Chapter XIII — 231 — Utricularia, Biovularia 



tions have been given by Goebel in his Organographie. The perennial 

 species U. Menziesii and U. volubilis require some further description. 



U. Menziesii {20 — 8, 9; 2j — 23, 24) was seen growing near 

 Perth, W. A. The plant body consists of a minute corm which grows 

 upwards, dying off below. From it spring hundreds of minute long 

 stalked traps penetrating the soil in all directions, those growing up- 

 ward coming close to the surface. The latter are covered by a ro- 

 sette of long petioled spatulate leaves, from the middle of which 

 emerges early in the wet season the scape (one or two) with unique, 

 conspicuously brilliant red, large-spurred flowers. My material allows 

 the inference that the plant begins its course by forming from the 

 seedling primary stolon an oval tuber penetrating deeper into the 

 substrate. From a lateral bud on this a small corm is formed, which 

 again produces penetrating tubers. At length a substantial corm is 

 formed which produces near the apex only laterally borne tubers, 

 two to four in number, regarded by Goebel as water storage organs, 

 tiding the plants over the dry season, which they undoubtedly do. 

 They contain some starch. The scape is always borne laterally, 

 and is not, as in the annual species, a finial of the corm. 



U. volubilis {2j — 25). — I found this growing near Albany, W. A. 

 among the fibrous matting of a wet swamp. The young stages are 

 not known. The plant body is a stout upright corm, which grows 

 at the top and dies behind. It bears numerous fihform leaves about 

 3 cm. long and numerous long stalked traps, often with leaf-Hke 

 stalks. The scape is terminal, but the corm is continued by a large 

 lateral bud at the base of the scape. There are also produced long 

 anchoring stolons of strong texture, bearing traps in groups of three. 

 The scapes are very long, and twine about supporting reeds. 



In the foregoing pages an account of the general structure of 

 the plant body has been presented, which practically covers all the 

 major varieties of habit. It is still insufficient for our present pur- 

 pose in not embracing all the types of Utricularia as indicated by 

 their kinds of traps. Those still to be mentioned include the spe- 

 cies U. cornuta, caerulea, capensis, orbiculata, longiciliata, and sim- 

 plex, taken as typifying large or small groups of species having traps 

 of pecuUar structure, to be mentioned beyond. While some of these 

 grow in shallow water, most of them grow in wet sandy soil, and all 

 have in common the general structure above indicated for U. sub- 

 ulata, with some slight exceptions, most of which need not here be 

 amphfied upon. 



U. cornuta is an American plant and was described by Schimper. 

 Its leaves and branch stolons are borne laterally on the runner stolons, 

 with no very regular alternation. 



U. caerulea represents a large number of Asiatic and African 

 species with leaves bearing numbers of traps and branch stolons. 

 Goebel (1891) has studied this type. I refer to the plant studied 

 by Goebel. There is doubt about its proper specific name 

 (Barnhart), but as I had access to the same material as used by 

 Goebel, I continue to use the name he used. 



U. capensis is a good representative of a number of African and 

 Asiatic species, the latter including U. rosea and U. Warburgii, both 



