20 QUADRUPEDS OF MASSACHUSETTS. 



1. Ursus Americanus. Pallas. The Black Bear. 



Ursus Americanus, Harlan, Fauna, p. 51. 



Black Bear, Penn., Arct. Zool., i. p. 57. Warden, United States, i. p. 195. 



Godman, Nat. Hist., i. p. 114. 

 Mucquaw, Algonquins. 



Figure; Godman, i. p. 114. 



Specific characters. Nose on the same line as the forehead, 

 which is gibbous ; hair black, straight, and shining. 



Description. The muzzle is often brownish. There are also 

 two brown or fawn-colored spots in some individuals over the 

 eyes ; hair coarse and black to the roots ; fur brown beneath, 

 thick and somewhat curly in the cub ; tail short ; ears high, oval, 

 far apart, and rounded at their tips ; palms and soles of the feet 

 short in comparison with those of the Brown Bear of Europe ; 

 nails long and curved. There is a long, vacant space between the 

 first and second molar. First molar situated at the root of the 

 canine, both projecting forward. 



Dimensions. 



The whole length of a full grown individual is not far from 4 feet 10 

 inches. 



1. Skull. 



in. t'ths. 



Length from the incisors to the occipital crest, . . . . 11 2 



Measured over the palatine bones, 9 



From the incisors to the meatus extern us, .... 8 2 



Lower jaw from the incisors to the condyles, ... 66 



Height of the cranium, 3 8 



Depth of the frontal sinus, 10 



2. Skull. 



Length measured over the skull from the incisors to the occipital 



crest, 13 



Length over palatine bones, 118 



Length from the incisors to the meatus externus, ... 9 8 



Greatest width at the zygomatic arches, .... 72 



Length of the projecting pirt of the canine tootli, ... 1 



Length from the occipital crest to the extreme of the nasal bones, 11 2 



From one orbit to the other, across the forehead, ... 3 



From one canine tooth to the other at their base, ... 18 



From their tips, 2 



