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B. THE PROBLEM OF WATER PHOTOLYSIS 



§ 48 Introductory Remarks 



Even the early investigations with isolated chloroplasts (15, 21, 39, 47, 

 74) showed O2 production upon illumination. The first experiments in vitro 

 were of a qualitative nature only. Engelmann (21) demonstrated O2 pro- 

 duction under the microscope utilizing certain bacteria which move to spots 

 where traces of O2 occur. These bacteria accumulate around the isolated 

 chloroplasts as long as these are illuminated. Beijerinck (15) and Molisch 



