VERMONT DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION. 65 



important factor in building - up the cheese industry. Our 

 patrons are gradually taking more interest in the care of the 

 milk and of the dairy cow, but too many are still indifferent; 

 and our makers complain that it is impossible for them to 

 make a fine quality of cheese out of the mlik they are receiv- 

 ing. All makers have been working to educate their patrons 

 in this line for the past few years, and the quality of milk fur- 

 nished to the cheese factory is improving slowly. 



The short horned or Durham grade cow is the one most fre- 

 quently met in Canada. More Ayrshires are found in the east- 

 ern part of the Province of Ontario than any other grade, 

 largely for the reason that Ayrshire milk is especially suited for 

 the manufacture of cheese, because of the smaller size of the 

 fat globules which are more easily mixed up with the milk and 

 do not separate readily on standing for a short time. For 

 cheese making the butter fat should be thoroughly distributed 

 throughout the milk. Scotland, the home of the Ayrshire, 

 makes the finest cheese in the world. I think you have the 

 Scotch in this section of the country for in some of the ques- 

 tions asked I have heard the Scottish acccent. The Scotchman 

 wherever you find him always makes a good dairyman, and 

 in the very best Canadian dairy and cheese sections we find 

 the Scotch nationality predominant. We have nearly all the 

 other breeds, but the Short-horn or Durhams predominate. 

 Holsteins are being introduced to a large extent, but the Jersey 

 cows have not obtained the foothold in Canada which they 

 have in the United States. 



I was very much interested in the discussion a few minutes 

 ago as to the money returns from cows in the State of Ver- 

 mont. I presume that the returns to the patrons of the cheese 

 factories in Canada will run from about $15 to $50 per cow, and 

 that the average would be $25 to $30 per cow. The returns from 

 a cow depend largely upon the cow and the care and food she 

 receives. During the past season in Western Ontario we had 

 a very dry season and as a consequence patrons who had pro- 

 vided no green food for dry weather found their receipts low 

 although prices were high. But those patrons who took care 

 to provide green crops and fed meal and corn silage to their 

 cows during the summer time, got remunerative returns. 



In Canada we mix two bushels of oats with one of peas and 

 sow from two to two and one-half bushels per acre with an or- 

 dinary grain drill for a soiling crop. This past season we 

 have feed corn silage in connection with our other foods dur- 

 ing the summer and think it an excellent food. Some of our 

 most prominent dairymen at the present time, are advocating 

 summer silage only as a pasture adjunct, but in many seasons 

 in fact, in .the majority of seasons it pays to have the green 



