VERMONT DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION. 69 



the World's Fair in 1893 with two carloads of dairy products, 

 a small per cent, of it was butter and a large per cent, was 

 cheese. One carload consisted of a deep silo on trucks which 

 contained a cheese, and the Agricultural Department had to 

 re-floor the Agricultural Building to get it in. The cheese 

 made in the Canadian factories rather took our men by sur- 

 prise and our cheese makers were put on their mettle. If I 

 remember right your cheese makers took away their share of 

 the prizes but as this gentleman says in their butter product 

 they were not so fortunate and it did not receive quite so many 

 prizes. In my state, in the western part of Minnesota, we do 

 not make export cheese. They are making the soft cheese 

 and it gets readily into consumption. I do not think the ex- 

 port cheese there would find a ready sale at the prices re- 

 ceived. We like to turn our money oftener. 



Member — Are your cheese factories run summer and winter 

 alike? 



Prof. Dean. We make practically no cheese in the winter 

 time although this winter some of our factories have been 

 running until the first of January. We strongly recommend 

 that cheese be made for only about six months in the vear 

 that our best factories are putting in butter making machin- 

 ery and are manufacturing butter during the balance of the 

 year. 



Member — Have you observed any tendency on the part of 

 the cooperative institutions to change over to proprietory 

 factories. 



Prof. Dean. Yes, a great many of our joint-stock company 

 manufacturies are selling out to individuals. But where a 

 joint-stock company is properly managed it is as successful 

 and remunerative to the patron as is any form. 



Member — How do vou use summer silage? 



Prof. Dean. Where we are milking twenty-five cows we aim 

 to have about four or five feet of square surface per cow, de- 

 pending upon what proportion of the summer feed you would 

 use in the form of silage. 



Gov. Hoard. A word on the question of summer silos. 

 About forty of our patrons have summer silos; it is quite a 

 recent thing. These men have seen practically no shrinkage 

 in their milk this summer; and we all know that when cows 

 have dropped there is no getting them back, no matter how 

 high the price may be afterwards. I shall build next summer, 

 two silos, a summer silo and a winter one. The summer silo 

 will be constructed narrow. When you uncover the top of the 

 silo in winter you have the cold weather to prevent the sour- 

 ing of the ensilage while in summer the hot weather promotes 

 souring, therefore build narrow. I shall figure five tons per 



