102 THIRTIETH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE 



Answer. I never saw too much sunshine for you or for me, 

 or for our cows. 



There is only one thing that objects to sunlight and that is a 

 woman. I wish the dear creatures would only take more sun- 

 light. You know that cabbages grown in a cellar are soft, 

 without color, vigor, tone or flavor. Animal life is affected 

 in the same way. When people in England and Holland call 

 for white veal they put a calf into the dark and fatten him in 

 the dark and the veal is white and the tallow is white. Let 

 a calf live in the sunlight and the tallow is yellow. Sunlight 

 on the ainmal is the source of color, and largely the source 

 of heatlh. 



Mr. Tinkham. In the matter of throwing the manure be- 

 low the stable. What particular harm can come to my cattle 

 when the excrement is frozen as it is in the winter? 



Gov. Hoard. Why do you do it? 



Mr. Tinkham. From laziness, chiefly. We did this partly 

 to avoid the loss sustained when the manure is thrown out of 

 doors. What is the danger from frozen manure under cows? 



Gov. Hoard. Prom the ammoniacal exhalation. I know of 

 no law of exception whereby the economy of cow life does not 

 require just as pure air as does mankind? 



Mr. Tinkham. Why is not the air nearly pure. 



Gov. Hoard. There is a constant rising of ammoniacal ex- 

 halation. When you have a large mass of manure under a 

 barn whether it be frozen or not, and there are times when it 

 is not frozen — it seems to me you are in dangerous proximity 

 to a large amount of dangerous excrement. 



Mr. Tinkham. About that time we have begun to draw it 

 out. 



Gov. Hoard. Why not draw it out every day? 



Mr Tinkham. It is too much trouble. I know it is not con- 

 venient and with my abundance of poverty and lack of means 

 it would be impossible for me to do it. 



Gov. Hoard. There are in my county very few men but 

 what do it. I think you will hardly find in Jefferson County, 

 Wis., a first class dairyman who does not haul the manure 

 out every day. 



Prof. Hills. The Board of Agriculture has advocated at its 

 institutes the rapid withdrawal of the manure from the barn 

 for at least the past ten years. 



Mr. Tinkham. If I was going to keep an animal through 

 the winter in the very best possible condition, I would not 

 have it in a barn at all. I would give it all the food it want- 

 ed, and I would have a shed for it to go under, if it wanted, 

 with plenty of out-door air. I don't believe there is anything 

 that will give an animal constitution — and that is simply the 



