Principles and Practice of Stock Feeding 37 



(1.15—0.23), the seventh 2.99 (0.92-^30.8x100), and the eighth, 173 (5.184- 

 2.99x100). 



Economies must needs be practiced in these days of close prices, but 

 cheapness, even the cheapest protein, is not the only thing to be consider- 

 ed. The greatest efficiency at the least cost should be the aim; and effi- 

 ciency is measured by the milk pail, by palatability, by the effect on the 

 product — as for instance in hardening or softening the butter, — by the effect 

 on the health of the animal, and on the manure pile. The successful feeder 

 must study and practice economy, have wide experience in cattle feeding, 

 possess thorough knowledge of the effects of sundry feeds on animal and 

 product, and finally, exercise his judgment as to adaptability of feeds to 

 profit ; and if the latter is intelligently applied " the greatest of these " is 

 judgment. 



V. APPENDIX 



Glossary of terms used in this bulletin 



Table I. Feeding standards. 



Table II. Average composition — as food and as fertilizer — of American 

 feeding stuffs most commonly used in New England cattle feeding. 



Table III. American digestion coefficients and digestible ingredients 

 in American feeding stuffs. 



Table IV. Pounds of total dry matter, of total organic matter and of 

 digestible ingredients (protein and carbohydrates — including ether extract 

 x2.25) — in varying weights of fodders and feeds, being essentially a con- 

 venience table. 



GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN THIS BULLETIN 



Albuminoids. One of the nutrients in the protein group ; contains 

 nitrogen ; is a " flesh former ;" the gluten of grains, white of egg, dry lean 

 meat and curd of milk are albuminoids. (See pages 5-6). 



Alkaloids. Alkali-like ingredients of certain plants ; poisonous or nar- 

 cotic ; not found to any extent in normal fodders and feeds. 



Amide. One of the nitrogenous constituents of plants ; less valuable 

 than albuminoids; essentially albuminoids in process of transportation and 

 transition. (See page 6). 



Analysis. The process whereby the composition or ingredients of a 

 material are determined. 



Animal nutrition. See nutrition. 



Ash, crude. The mineral matter; the material left after complete burn- 

 ing ; composed mainly of potash, soda, lime, magnesia, iron, sulphuric and 

 phosphoric acids. (See page 5). 



Byproduct. A secondary product of an industry ; for instance, cotton- 

 seed meal is a byproduct of the cotton oil industry, and skim milk and 

 buttermilk are byproducts of butter making. 



