Principles and Practice of Stock Feeding 39 



carbohydrates and fat, with these and nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus 

 it forms the many complex organic nitrogenous bodies. 



Legumes. Plants bearing seeds in pods, and capable of fixing nitrogen 

 from the air ; clovers, peas, beans, vetches, etc. 



Nitrates. Combinations of nitric acid with elements like lime, soda, 

 potash, etc. 



Nitrogen. An element, an inert gas ; the central element, so to speak, 

 of protein ; the most costly element in common use in agriculture. 



Nitrogen-free extract. (See page 7) 



Nitrogenous matter. Substances containing nitrogen. (See page 6.) 



Nutrient. "Crude nutrient" is a synonym for total ingredient; for 

 instance, the total ether extract in a fodder is a crude nutrient. "Digesti- 

 ble nutrient " is a synonym for nutrient and indicates solely that portion of 

 the crude nutrient which is digestible. (See page 7). 



Nutrition, animal. The process of promoting growth, or repairing or re- 

 placing waste in the animal tissues. 



Nutritive ratio. (See pages 7-8). 



Organic matter. (Seepage 7). 



Oxygen. The most common element in nature, an active gas, a compo- 

 nent of water. 



Palatability . The quality which makes a material agreeable to the taste. 

 It has no necessary relation to digestibility ; a food may be palatable yet 

 indigestible, or digestible but distasteful. 



Phosphate of lime. A combination of phosphoric acid and lime ; a pro- 

 minent constituent of bones, ash, etc. 



Phosphoric acid. A compound of phosphorus, oxygen and hydrogen, 

 important both as plant and animal food; in the latter case it is usually 

 combined with lime as phosphate of lime. 



Physiological standard. One based on knowledge of the functions of the 

 class of animals to be fed. 



Potash. A compound of the elements of potassium and oxygen, import- 

 ant as plant food. 



Protein, crude. The nitrogen-containing substances of fodders and 

 feeds. (See page 5.) 



Ration. An artificial mixture of fodders, or of fodders and feeds. 



Roughage. Coarse fodders (hay, corn, fodder, silage, roots, etc.,) as 

 distinguished from grains, etc. 



Starch. One of the most common carbohydrates in fodders and feeds, 

 insoluble in water but digestible, being transformed into sugar during 

 digestion. 



Sugars. Sweet compounds of vegetable and animal origin ; carbohy- 

 drates much like starch chemically, but soluble in water. 



Total dry matter. ( See dry matter). 



Wolf and Wolff-Lehmann standards. (See pages 14-17). 



