264 PLANTS OF MASSACHUSETTS. 



Group 5. Stamens and pistils on distinct spikes. 



1. Staminate spike single. 



30. C aurea, Nutt. On wet grounds ; small and fine. 



— pyriformis, Schw. In this State is no other species of 

 this sub-group. 



2. Staminate spikes 2 or more. 



31. C. acuta^ L. Bog Sedge. Grows in dense bogs ; culm 

 rises 2-3 feet, arching as the seed ripens, very rough, 3-sided, 

 and with rough leaves, very rough on the edges, and long leaves 

 from towards the base. It forms some early food for cattle in 

 the spring. What are called bogs, which it forms, are large, grow 

 up a foot to 2 feet from the surface, very durable, and destroyed 

 only by cutting them off and heaping them together till the fer- 

 mentation shall destroy them. 



var. erecta, D., and sparsiflora, D., are scattered plants, 

 in wet places, but not forming bogs. 



32. C ccespitosa, L. In dense cespitose masses. 



33. C. aquatilis, Walk. Borders of ponds. 



34. C. stricta, Gooden. About marshes ; very glaucous in 

 the young state. 



35. C. crinila, Lam. In moist grounds. 



36. C. paleaceUj Wahl. In dry meadows. 



II. Stigma 3-parted ; seed or nut 3-sided. " Cyp. Mon." 

 Torrey, p. 402. 



A. Spikes androgynous. 

 I. Stamens at the summit. 



Group 6. Single spike on the culm. 



37. C. polytrichoides, Muhl. Wet places ; cespitose. 



38. C. leucozlochin, Ehrh. Marsh in Ashfield. 



— pauciflora, Light, and Schk. 



Group 7. One or more radical peduncles with a single 

 spike, sometimes 2 or more. 



39. C. pedunculata, Muhl. Open woods ; early in spring. 



