154 MORPHOLOGY OF THE ANGIOSPERMS 



The variety in form, position, and morphological nature of nectaries 

 indicates that these structures have arisen independently in many angio- 

 sperm lines. Position and type of nectary are surely important in phylo- 

 genetic studies. Flowers now generally accepted as highly primitive — 

 those of the Eupomatiaceae, Himantandraceae, Magnoliaceae, Calycan- 

 thaceae, Nymphaeaceae — are chiefly or entirely pollinated by beetles and 

 have no nectaries. Nectar glands are characteristic of angiosperms, ex- 

 cept those that are pollinated by beetles and wind, 



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