234 



MORPHOLOGY OF THE ANGIOSPERMS 



are nearly closed ( Fig. 84A, C, D). Where the locule is strongly lobed, 

 the ovules commonly project into the lobe formed by the carpel that 

 bears them, but all may project into the central part of the locule. 

 Rarely, ovules are borne inside the open locule of a carpel to wliich 

 they do not belong — Viburnum. 



a — a 



a — a 



-a 



b-b 



Fig. 88. Diagrammatic cross and longitudinal sections of ovary structure showing in 

 A, Rhododendron indiciim, axile placentation and in B, Lychnis dioica, free central 

 placentation. Carpels, adnate to prolonged receptacle; vascular bundles of receptacle 

 (in the center), normally oriented; the ventral bundles of the carpels, inverted. 

 {From Eames, 1951.) 



Placentation in Syncarpous Gynoecia. In syncarpous taxa in which the 

 individual carpels have laminar placentation, the term used for free 

 carpels, laminar, is satisfactory; but, where the placentation of the in- 

 dividual carpels is fundamentally submarginal, modifications in ovule 

 number and position have made necessary other descriptive terms. Sev- 

 eral of these terms have long been in use, but without uniformity in 

 descriptive or morphological application. 



Where closed or nearly closed carpels, with their fertile areas sub- 



