THE OVULE 



267 



atropaus is a synonym for orthotropous but has also been used for some 

 intermediate types. The anatropous ovule is typically inverted; rarely, it 

 is turned through much more than 180°, even 360° (Figs. 98C and 

 104D), as in Sassafras, Phimbago, Optintia, Sclemnthus. Inversion 

 brings the ovule body and filament together, and adnation commonly 

 occurs. The fusion is congenital; the funicle and the outer integument, 

 where adjacent to the funicle, are so merged that the outer integument 



Fig. 104. Vascular supplies of ovules. A, B, C, showing vascular sheath in inner 

 integument: A, B, Ricinus communis in longitudinal and cross sections, respectively; 

 C, Jatropha integerrima in cross section. D, Ancnmne narcissiflora, longitudinal 

 section of carpel base and ovule, showing inverted ovule united to carpel by 

 obturator. E, F, G, simple vascular systems of anatropous ovules seen in longitudinal 

 sections: E, Echium phntagineum; F, Anchusa sempervirem; G, Delphinium ajacis, 

 i, integument; ii, inner integument; oi, outer integument; e, embryo; en, endosperm; 

 n, nucellus; ow, ovary wall; r, raphe bundle; s, embryo sac; v, vascular sheath; vb, 

 vascular bundle. (Ato F, after Kiihn; G, after Lonaij.) 



