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MORPHOLOGY OF THE ANGIOSPERMS 



may appear absent on that side (Figs. 104A and 105H). The ridge 

 formed by this fusion, the raphe, may give internal evidence of the 

 fusion by the presence of the vascular strand of the funicle running 

 along the side of the ovule body to the chalaza. In fruit development, 



Fig. 105. Vascular systems of ovule integuments. A to I, in anatropous ovules: 

 D, Mormordia Charantia, showing system in "inner seed coat"; F, G, Echium 

 plantagineum, ventral and dorsal views, /, funicle; H, I, longitudinal and cross 

 sections of same ovule showing vascular strands in inner integument. /, in orthot- 

 ropous ovule. K, L, M, in campylotropous ovules: K, Cicer arictinum; ch, chalaza, 

 771, micropyle, r, raphe bundle, x, point of branching of vascular bundle. (After 

 Kilhn. ) 



there may be further fusion; the ovule may become adnate to the 

 ovary wall, as in some achenes and nut fruits. 



The anatropous ovule is the most common type and is characteristic 

 of many taxa, especially the more primitive taxa — Ranales, Helobiales, 



