484 



MORPHOLOGY OF THE ANGIOSPERMS 



Carpels, fusion, 185, 243 



gymnosperm structures homologous 



with, 221 

 leaf homologous with, 11 

 locule, 186 

 nodal anatomy, 26 

 number, 185 



ontogeny, 227, 228, 229-230 

 closure, 227 

 differential growth, 227 

 meristems, 227 

 open, 1 

 parts, 187 



phylogeny, 185, 216 

 placentation, 204-216 

 position, 227 

 pseudomonomerous, 240 

 pseudoterminal, 429 

 reduction, 92, 93, 94, 281, 282 

 reduction in number, 239-242 

 sessile, 217 



solid, 197, 198, 241, 242-244 

 solitary, 226-227 

 stipitate, 217 



theories of nature, "acarpy," 219-220 

 appendicular, 217-218 

 axial, 218 



caytonialian, 220, 221 

 integumentary, 221 

 peltate, 223-226 



phyllospory-stachyospory, 216, 217 

 polymorphism, 27, 101, 149, 205, 



221-223, 242, 244 

 sui generis, 218—219 

 types, Casuarina, 436 

 Chloranthaceac, 435 

 dillenialian, 435 

 helobialian, 437-439 

 liliahan, 441 

 palm, 447, 449, 450 

 primitive, 188, 215, 257 

 ranalian, 385, 386, 388-390, 392, 

 395, 396, 397, 399-405, 407, 408, 

 409, 410, 412-416, 418, 421, 426, 

 431 

 vascular supply, 93, 391 

 ( See also Syncarpy ) 

 Carpinus, cymules, 76 

 Carum, embryo, 359 

 Caruncle, 372, 377 



definition, 258, 304, 373 

 Cari/a, leaf primordium, 10 

 Caryophyllaceae, androecium, 100, 

 103 

 carpel bundles, 27 

 endosperm, 375 

 gynoecium, 242 



Caryophyllaceae, ovule, 261, 266, 269 



ovule number, 270 



perispenn, 375 



placentation, 237, 238 



stamens, 128 

 Carijota, centrifugal inflorescences, 107 

 Cassia, anther, 130 

 dehiscence, 167 

 Cassytlm, gynoecium, 240 

 Castanea, fruit, 376 



inflorescence, 74, 81 



ovule, 275 



pollen grain, 160 



pollination, 170, 173 



"polyembryony," 346 



xylem, 54 

 Casuarina {see Casuarinaceae ) 

 Casuarinaceae, anemophily, 173, 436 



angiospermy evidence, 437 



anther wall, 136, 140, 141 



archesporium, 290, 291, 436 



carpels, 436 



chalazogamy, 437 



characters, 435 



dichotomy evidence, 437 



embryo sac, 436 



Ephedra and Equisetum resemblances 

 to, 436 



flowers, 435^37, 465 



gynoecium, 436 



inflorescences, 435, 436 



leaf, 435 



megaspore, 291 



megaspore mother cells, 292 



member of Protangiospermae, 466 



ovule, 259, 265, 275, 276, 436, 437 



phloem, 436 



phyletic position, 436 



Phyllosporeae-Stachyosporeae theory 

 on, 18 



pollen, 164, 437 



pollen tube, 178, 179, 265 



relationships, 437 



short shoots, 436 



stamen, 27, 132, 436, 437 

 number reduction, 104 



taxonomic position, 436 



xylem, 436, 437 

 Cataphylls, 42 

 Cattlct/a, omithophily, 172 

 Caulicle, 322, 325, 355n. 

 Catilopht/Utim, cotyledonary fusion, 344 



"fruit," 379, 380 



seed, fruitlike, 373 

 Caytoniales, 220 



Caytonialian theory, 220-221, 466 

 Celtis, gynoecium, 241 



