INDEX 



377 



Fog, 87 



causes, 87 



coastal and inland, 87, 88, 89 



relation to vegetation, 87 

 Food chains, 12 

 Foothills forest 



Rockies, 267-269 



Sierra Nevada, 274, 275-276 

 Forbs, 298 



Forest site indicators, 357-359 

 Forest types, artificial, 317-319-320 

 Formations, 225 



criteria for recognition, 229 

 Foiiquieria splendens, 289 

 Franseria dumosa, 288 

 Fraxinus spp., 255 



americana, 63, 250 



caroliniana, 258 



profunda, 258 

 Frequency, 58, 59 



and size of quadrats, 59, 60 



classes, 59 



classes and homogeneity, 61 



diagrams, 61, 71 



in oak-hickory forest, 231-232 



used in phytographs, 63, 231 



Kenoyer's normal, 61 



meaning of classes, 60 



Raunkiaer's, law of, 60 



Raunkiaer's normal, 61 

 Frost injury 



abelia, 142 



and hardening, 142 



desiccation, 118 

 Frost penetration of soil, 127 



under snow, litter, 127 

 Fungi, as factors, 26 



of the soil, 194-198 



parasites, saprophytes, 194-198 



Gaultheria shallon, 278 



Gay ophy turn ramosiss'nnum, 272 



Germination 



and aeration, 174 



and temperature, 127 



growth inhibiting substances, 182 

 Glacial soils, 151-152 

 Glaze, 90 



damage, 90, 91 

 Gordonia lasianthus, 257 

 Grassland formation, 290-298 



aspect dominance, 297, 298 



extent, transitions, general climate, 



290-291 

 mixed grass prairie, 293, 294-296 

 other grassland climax, 297 

 short grass plains, 295, 296 

 tall grass prairie, 291-292-294 



Grassland precipitation, 95 



Grassy balds, 18 



Grayia spinosa, 286 



Great Salt Lake, saline vegetation, 

 185 



Gregariousness, 64 

 Grimmia laevigata, 218 

 Growth form 



indicator of climate, 28 



controlled by climate, 28-29, 31-32 



H 



Habitat, 30 



hydric, 216-217 



local variations, 30-31 



mesic, hydric, xeric, 216-223 

 Halophytes, 184 



xeromorphism, 184 

 Hammock vegetation, 256-258 

 Hardening and frost injury, 142 



Abelia, 142 

 Hechtia, 290 

 Hemlock-hardwoods association, 



250-251 

 Heteromeles arbutifolia, 282 

 Heterotheca subaxillaris, 51, 52 

 Hydrogen ion concentration, 178- 

 179 



and acidity, 178 



pH, 178-179 

 History of plant ecology, 15 

 Holoparasites, 191 

 Homogeneity of vegetation, 61, 64 

 Hudsonia, 252 

 Human ecology, 13, 359-361 

 "Humidity (see also Relative Hu- 

 midity) 



absolute, 78 



relative, 78 

 Humus, 154 



mull and mor, 154 

 Hydrarch succession, 215, 216, 217 

 Hydrophytes, 137-139, 215-217 

 Hygrometer, 81, 82 

 Hygroscopic coefficient, 167 

 Hygrothermograph, 82 

 Hyoscyamus niger, 141 

 Hyperdispersion, 64 



