INDEX 



379 



Life forms, 18, 19 



as basis for classification, 20 

 Light, 129-143 



effect on size, form, 136 



chlorophyll production, 139 



effect on elongation, 136 



flowering, fruiting, reproduction, 

 140 



in forest stands, 130, 132, 133 



interception, 132 



leaf exposure, 137 



leaf orientation, 136-137 



leaf structure, 137-139-140 



movement and position of chloro- 

 plasts, 135-136, 139 



self pruning, 137 



shade tolerance, 133, 134 



source of energy, green plants, 129 



sun and shade leaves, 137-139 

 Light and leaf pattern, 135-136 



mosaics, rosettes, 135-136 

 Light and physiological responses 



chlorophyll production, 135-136 



opening, closing of stomata, 135- 

 136 



photosynthesis, 134-135 

 Light measurement, 129-132 



atmometers, 85, 132 



cautions and limitations, 131 



photoelectric cell, 129-131 



photometer, 130-131 



radiometer, 131-132 

 Light penetration, water, 217-218 

 Light quality, atmospheric 



absorption, 132 



diffusion, 132 

 Light requirements, 132 



quality and intensity, 129 



vary for species, 129 

 Light variations, 132-133 



biological importance, 132 



daily and seasonal, 132 



with latitude, 132 



with slope, 132, 133 

 L (litter) layer, 143 

 Liqiiidambar styraciflua, 254 

 Limnology, 15 

 Line transects, 54 

 Liriodendron tulip if era, 255 

 Lithocarpus densiflora, 278, 281 

 Litter 



as an insulator, 127 



Ao horizon, 154 



differential decomposition, 154 



L layer, 154 



Lociation, 225 



Loess, 110, 112-113, 149 



Lonicera japonica, 189 



in competition, 189 

 Long day plants, 141 



M 



Magnolia acuminata, 248 



virginiana, 257 

 Maianthemum canadense, 241 

 Man, a dominant, 315-316 



responsibilities, 316 



must recognize biological laws, 316 

 Man, a factor, 202-210 



a dominant, 203 



cities, highways, 203 



cultivation, 203 



disturbance of biological balance, 

 209-210 



fire, 203-204-205 



introduction of species, 206 



lumbering, 203 



modification of environment, 210 

 Maple-basswood association, 249-250 



day and night temperatures, 127 

 Maritime forest, 258 

 Mean temperatures 



annual, 122 



daily, 121 



desert vegetation, 122 



maximum and minimum, 122 



usefulness of, 122 

 Mechanical analysis, of soils, 152 

 Mesophytic leaf structure, 139 

 Mesophytism, 223 

 Minimal area, 45 

 /Mistletoe, 191 

 Mixed grass prairie, 294-296 

 Mixed mesophytic forest association, 



247-249 

 Moisture and leaf structure, 138 

 Moisture equivalent, 169 

 Mojave desert, 287-288 

 Monardella odoratissima, 272 

 Monoclimax versus polvclimax, 226- 



229 

 Monotropa uniflora, 27 

 Montane forest 



Rockies, 263-267 



Sierra Nevada, 272, 273, 274 

 Mor, 154 



Mulching and soil water, 165-166 

 Mull, 154 

 Mutual relationships 



competition, 21 



