INDEX 



383 



Quantitative sociological characters 

 —Continued 



cover and space, 61-62 



density, 57 



frequency, 57, 59-61 

 Quantitative studies 



of climax, 231 



of succession, 232-233 



phytographs, 231 

 Quercas alba, 245, 248, 253 



agrifolia, 140, 281 



borealis, 249, 254 



catesbaei, 137, 255, 256 



vertical leaf position, 137-138 



chrysolepis, 275, 281 



cinerea, 255, 256 



coccinea, 252 



douglasii, 275 



dumosa, 275, 282 



durata, 140 



emoryi, 269 



fendleri, 269 



gambellii, 269 



gunnisoni, 269 



imbricaria, 254 



lyrata, 253 



macrocarpa, 252, 254, 269 



margaretta, 256 



marilandica, 254, 256 



montana, 252 



phellos, 253 



prinus, 253 



stellata, 254 



undulata, 269 



velutina, 254 



virginiana, 28, 258, 259 



wislizeni, 275, 281 



R 



Rabbit damage, 202 

 Radiant energv, 116-143 



light, 129-143 



source for earth, 116 



temperature, 118-128 



visible spectrum, 116 

 Radiometer, 131-132 

 Rainfall (see Precipitation) 

 Rain gauge, 93-95 

 Range depletion, 322, 323 



indicators, 355-357 



management, 321-326 

 ecological principles, 325 

 ecological studies, 323-324 

 indicators, 355-357 



objectives, 321 



results, 322, 323, 324 



recovery, 42, 322, 324 

 Reaction of organisms, 212-213 

 Relict method, 310-314 

 Relicts, 310, 311,312,313 



ecological usefulness, 311-314 



factors in survival, 312-313 



interglacial, 302-303 



postclimax, 311, 313 

 Reproduction and temperature, 128 

 Reseeding range, 324 

 Respiration and temperature, 128 

 Rhamnus, 27 A 



californica, 275 

 Rhododendron, 19 



californicimij 278 



lapponicwn, 239 

 Rhus, 220 



copallina, 219 



triloba, 269 

 Ribes viscosissimum, 272 

 Rock succession, 218, 219-221 



mat formation, 218-220 

 Rocky Mountain Forest complex, 

 259-269 



Black Hills, 269 



climaxes 

 Douglas fir, 263-265 

 Engelman spruce— subalpine fir, 



261-263 

 oak-mountain mahogany, 268-269 

 pinon-juniper, 267-268 

 ponderosa pine, 265, 266-267 



extent, 259-260 



zones and climaxes listed, 260 

 Root distribution 



aeration, 174 



mapping, 147 

 Rumex pulcher, 199 

 Runoff 



and frozen soil, 126 



on forested and bare land, 94 



Sagebrush, 126, 267-268 

 Sagebrush formation, 284-287 



extent, conditions, 284-285 



vegetation, 285-287 

 Salic ornia spp., 286 

 Saline soils 



bordering oceans, 184 



in deserts, 184-185 



physiological drought, 184 



vegetation, 286 



water absorption, 184 



