INDEX 



387 



Taraxacum, 199 

 Taxodium distichum, 176, 257 

 buttresses, 176 

 knees, 176 

 Temperature, 118-128 



and atmospheric pressure, 97 

 and cover, 125-127 

 and germination, 127 

 and growth, 128 

 and reproduction, 128 

 and water relations, 128 

 and weathering, 144 

 extremes, 125 

 forest versus open, 125-126 

 general plant relationships, 118-119 

 hardwood forest, 127 

 means, 121-122 

 widest fluctuations, 144 

 Temperature adjustments 

 alpine and arctic plants, 119 

 hardening, 119 

 seasonal, 119 

 Temperature and physiological proc- 

 esses, 127-128 

 Temperature measurement 

 instruments, 119, 120, 121 

 maximum and minimum ther- 

 mometers, 120, 121 

 procedures, soil and air, 119 

 thermograph, 119-120 

 thermometers, 119, 120, 121 

 Temperature ranges 

 for germination, 127 

 for species, 118, 119 

 photosynthesis, 128 

 water content of protoplasm, 118 

 Temperature records, 121-122 

 annual mean, 122 

 computing means, 121-122 

 continuous, 119-120, 121 

 mean, 121 



relation of mean to duration, 121 

 value of extremes, 122 

 Temperature tolerances 

 conifers, 118 

 desert plants, 118 

 hardening, 119 

 optimum, maximum, minimum, 



127 

 seeds, and spores, 118 

 Temperature variations 



altitudinal range of species, 124 

 clouds or fog, 125 

 differ with insolation, 122 

 exposure, 124-125, 133 



follow insolation, 122 



lag, 122 



large bodies of water, 122-123 



slope, north and south, 124, 126 



133 

 soil, 122 

 soil surface, 119 

 valleys and ridges, 98, 124 

 Temperature zones, 15, 122 

 in mountains, 124 

 latitudinal, 122, 124 

 Merriam's, 15, 324 

 disrupted 

 by cold air drainage, 124 

 by lakes, 123 

 by mountains, 124 

 by slope and exposure, 124 

 Tensiometer, 173 

 Thermograph, 119, 120 



soil-air, 120 

 Thermometers 



maximum and minimum, 120, 121 

 standard, 119 

 Thinning 



artificial (of forest stands), 24 

 natural, 24 

 Thuja occidentalism 242, 251 



plicata, 277, 279 

 Tillandsia usneioides, 28, 193 

 Tilia a?nerica?2a, and spp., 247, 248., 



249, 250 

 Topography as a factor, 185-187 

 effects are indirect, 185-186 

 local and regional, 186-187 

 Tortula pagorimi, 193 

 Toxicity 

 aeration, 182 



carbon dioxide in soil, 174 

 experimental evidence, 182 

 high acidity, 179 

 soil solution, 171 

 Transects 

 data, 52 



early land surveys, 53 

 mapping, 51 

 sizes, 52 



transition zones, 52 

 uses, 51 



variations in methods, 53 

 zonation, 52 

 Transitions, 30, 224 



forest and grassland, 29, 31 

 Transpiration, measurement of, 82-83 

 cobalt chloride method, 83 

 phytometers, 82, 83 



