Table of Contents xiii 



11.4: Classification of Polyploids 280 



1 1.5: Principles of Polyploid Breeding 282 



1 1 .6: The Scope of Research 286 



12. The Amphiploids 292 



12.1: Amphiploidy and Im|)licaiions 292 



12.2: Amphiploidy in the Graiiiincae 294 



12.3: Gossypium ' 302 



1 2.4 : Nicotiaua 307 



12.5: Dysploidv Combined With .Amphiploidy 309 



12.fi: Other Interspecific Hybrids and Amphiploids 310 



13. The Autoploids 318 



13.1: Autotetraploids 318 



13.2: Triploidy 326 



13.3: Monoploids and Autodiploids 333 



13.4: Conclusion 334 



14. The Aneuploids 345 



14.1: Aneuploids Among the Treated Generation 345 



14.2: Mixoploidy From Colchicine 347 



14.3: Chimeras Induced by Colchicine 348 



14.4: Sex Determination and Polyploidy 351 



14.5: Aneuploids and Colchicine 354 



15. Criteria for Judging Polyploidy 362 



15.1: Sterile Hylirids Made Fertile 362 



15.2: Appearance of Polyploids 363 



15.3: Fruit and Seed . . ! 363 



15.4: Physiological Differences 367 



15.5: Microscopic Characteristics 368 



15.6: Ecological Considerations 370 



15.7: Fertility 371 



16. Techniques of Colchicine Treatment 373 



A. In Animals 373 



16A.1: Solutions 373 



16A.2: Temperature 374 



16A.3: The Study of Mitosis 374 



16A.4: Polyploidy 380 



B. In Plants 383 



16B.1 : Solutions Used 383 



16B.2: Seed and Seedlings 384 



16B.3: Root Systems and Special Structures 384 



16B.4: Special Techniques for Studying the .\ction of Colchicine .385 

 16B.5: Chromosome Studies 386 



17. Mechanism of Colchicine-Mitosis 391 



17.1: Introduction 391 



17.2: Metabolic .\ctions of Colchicine 396 



17.3: Physical Action 399 



17.4: Chemical Action ^03 



17.5: Synergists and .Antagonists 116 



17.6: Conclusion: The Singularity of Colchicine 420 



Author Index 429 



Subject Index 441 



