42 Leaves and twigs covered with silvery scales ; twigs often spiny 



BUFFALO-BERRY (SHEPHERDIA) 

 42 Leaves and twigs sometimes hairy, but not silvery-scaly, not 



spiny 43 



43 Top side-veins of leaf curving to tip of leaf 



DOGWOOD (CORNUS) \/ 

 43 Top side veins curving towards side margin or straight 44 



44 Leaf-scars narrow, horizontal ; bundle-scars less than 6 45 



44 Leaf-scars' height greater than width; bundle-scars 6 or more 49 



45 Leaves more or less heart-shaped, at least at base 



LILAC (SYRINGA) 



45 Leaves oblong or oval 46 



46 Leaves palmately veined MAPLE (ACER) )/ 



46 Leaves pinnately veined 47 



47 Bundle-scars 3 or more MAPLE (ACER) 



47 Bundle-scar one, a downward-curved line 48 



48 Leaves 2 or 3 at a node ; leaf-scars almost or quite connected 



by stipule-scars; winter-buds inconspicuous 



BUTTON-BUSH (CEPHALANTHUS) 



48 Not more than 2 leaves at a node; leaf-scars not connected; 



winter-buds visible, superposed 



FRINGE-TREE (CHIONANTHUS) 



49 Only 2 leaves at a node, upper surface downy ; side-buds super- 



posed EMPRESS-TREE (PAULOWNIA) 



49 Leaves 2 or 3 at a node, upper surface nearly or quite hairless.. 50 



50 Side-buds solitary; bundle-scars forming a complete oval 



INDIAN BEAN (CATALPA) V 



50 Side-buds superposed; bundle-scars forming a U 



KUSAGI (CLERODENDRON) 



SIMPLE SPIRAL SILVERY-SCALY LEAVES 



51 Silvery scales covering twigs and at least under surface of 



leaves " 



51 Silvery scales not present on any part of tree 53 



12 



