52 Silvery scales on both surfaces of leaves ; twig often ending in 



a spine SEA-BUCKTHORN (HIPPOPHAE) 



52 Silvery scales on under surface only; end-bud often present; 



twigs often spiny OLEASTER (ELEAGNUS) 



53 Tree bearing spines or prickles on twigs or branches 54 



53 Twigs and branches unarmed, although leaves sometimes are 



spiny 62 



SPINY TWIGS. SIMPLE SPIRAL LEAVES 



54 Leaves palmately 5-7-lobed ; prickles below leaf-scars 



(ACANTHOPANAX) 

 54 Leaves palmately 3-veined, not lobed ; spines in place of stipules 55 



54 Leaves pinnately veined, sometimes also lobed 56 



55 Leaves 2-6 cm. long, petioles .1-.5 cm. long.JUJUBE (ZIZYPHUS) 



55 Leaves 2-3.5 cm. long, petioles .4-L2 cm. long 



CHRIST-THORN (PALIURUS) 



56 Juice of young leaves milky ; leaf-margin entire 



OSAGE ORANGE (MACLURA) 

 56 Juice of young leaves watery ; leaf-margin sometmes entire 57 



57 Leaves usually both toothed and lobed 58 



57 Leaves entire or toothed, but not lobed 59 



58 Spines in leaf-axils ; visible winter-bud scales about 5-6, often 



fleshy HAWTHORN (CRATAEGUS) 



58 Spines made from spurs or ending side-twigs ; visible bud- 

 scales about 4, not fleshy..CRABAPPLE (MALUS or PYRUS) l^ 



59 Leaves 2-5 cm. long, coarsely toothed, in 2 ranks, petioles 1-3 



mm. long _ (HEMIPTELEA) 



59 Leaves in more than 2 ranks, usually entire, wavy- or finely 



toothed 60 



60 End-bud not present ; stipule-scars present ; leaf-margin usual- 

 ly distinctly toothed PLUM (PRUNUS) i 



60 End-bud usually present ; stipule-scars not visible ; leaf-margin 



usually entire or faintly wavy-toothed 61 



13 



