78 Winter-buds scaleless, showing folded leaves 



BUCKTHORN (RHAMNUS) 



78 Winter-buds one-scaled; leaves sometimes downy on under 



surface, not woolly WILLOW (SALIX) . 



78 Winter-buds 10-scaled or more 79 



78 Winter-buds less than 10-scaled, if one-scaled then leaves 



woolly on under surface - 81 



79 Winter-buds narrow, pointed, flaring away from twig; trunk 



usually smooth, gray BEECH (FAGUS) ^ 



79 Above combination not present 80 



80 One bundle-scar; end-bud much larger than side-buds 



(RHODODENDRON) - 



80 Several bundle-scars irregularly scattered; end-bud not dispro- 

 portionately large 



SHINGLE OAK, WILLOW OAK (QUERCUS) , 



81 Leaves about 4 times as long as wide ; under surface covered by 

 a grayish mat of hairs 

 ALTERNATE-LEAVED BUTTERFLY-BUSH (BUDDLEIA) 



81 Leaves not usually 4 times as long as wide ; hairs sometimes 



present 82 



82 One compound bundle-scar forming a curved line 



PERSIMMON (DIOSPYROS) 



82 Three or more bundle-scars 83 



83 Leaves woolly on under surface ; 1 or 2 visible bud-scales 



QUINCE (CYDONIA) 



83 Leaves sometimes downy, but not woolly; more than 2 visible 



bud-scales - 84 



84 Leaves arranged in 2 vertical ranks ; base of blades showing 3 



almost equal veins HACKBERRY (CELTIS) 



84 Leaves in more than 2 ranks ; veins not as described 85 



85 Lower branches of tree usually drooping towards ground; 



height of leaf-scars about half their length 



SOUR GUM, BLACK GUM, PEPPERIDGE, TUPELO 



(NYSSA) 



85 Lower branches not drooping; leaf-scars narrower than those 



just described PEAR (PYRUS) J 



16 



