115 Lowest bud-scale directly above leaf-scar: at least one of fol- 

 lowing conditions also present ; petiole flattened (at least 

 at tip) at right angles to surface of blade, hairy or resinous 

 winter-buds, woolly under-surface of leaf, yellow or red 

 mid-rib POPLAR (POPULUS) 



115 Above combinations not present 116 



116 Winter-buds showing 2-4 scales 117 



116 Winter-buds showing more than 4 scales 127 



117 Leaf-scars showing only one bundle-scar (sometimes com- 



pound) - 118 



117 Leaf-scars showing 3 or more bundle-scars or groups of scars.. 121 



118 Bark of trunk smooth, red, peeling in large flakes; winter-buds 



sometimes superposed ; bundle-scar round, near top of leaf- 

 scar WILD CAMELLIA (STEWARTIA) 



118 Bark of trunk not as just described 119 



119 Length of mature leaves about 4 times their width, under-sur- 



face gray-woolly ; visible bud-scales 2 

 ALTERNATE-LEAVED BUTTERFLY-BUSH (BUDDLEIA) 



119 Length of mature leaves not 4 times their greatest width; visi- 



ble bud-scales usually 3 120 



120 Winter-buds solitary; stipule-scars absent 



WHITE ALDER (CLETHRA) 



120 Winter-buds sometimes superposed; stipules or stipule-scars 



present HOLLY (ILEX) ^ 



121 End-bud present 122 



121 End-bud usually absent except on spurs 123 



122 Leaf-margin bearing bristle-like teeth; twigs usually round; 



stipule-scars equal in size..WINTER HAZEL (CORYLOPSIS) 

 122 Leaf-margin irregularly and sharply toothed ; twigs often 



3-sided ALDER (ALNUS) 



122 Leaf margin coarsely toothed and sometimes bristled; twigs 



often ridged ; stipule-scars unequal in size 



CHESTNUT (CASTANEA) 



123 Leaves 5-8 cm. long, in more than 2 ranks, margin finely tooth- 



ed ; bark of trunk flaky 



FLOWERING QUINCE (CHAENOMELES) 

 123 Leaves 2-ranked, at least on horizontal twigs 124 



20 



