ages at the base of the petiole. Any one of these parts may be 

 missing or transformed into something with a different appearance, 

 as a spine. The stipules, even if originally present, usually fall off 

 before very long. Leaves grow at nodes on the twigs, and theor- 

 etically each has one bud in its axil. 



LENTICELS. The breathing pores of the stem. Seen usually as dots 

 on twigs, but occasionally forming horizontal lines because of the 

 stretching of the bark as the branch grows in diameter. 



LOBED. A margin with indentations deeper than teeth but not ex- 

 tending to the midrib or the petiole. A lobe is a section between 

 two indentations. 



LONG. Refers, in a leaf, to the distance from the twig to the tip of 



the blade. 

 LONGITUDINAL. The direction from base to tip. 



LOP-SIDED. Unequally divided at the base (of a leaf) by the midrib. 



LOWER. See UNDER. 



MARGIN. The boundary line of the blade of a leaf or of a bud-scale. 



MATURE. Full-grown. Mature leaves are to be found a little way 

 back from the tip of the twig, not at the tip itself. All are usual- 

 ly of much the same shape, but not always of the same size. Ma- 

 ture buds are developed by late summer. 



METER. One hundred centimeters. It equals about 40 inches, or 

 3 1/3 ft. 



MIDDLE. Halfway up the side margins. 



MIDRIB. A prominent vein running longitudinally through the cen- 

 ter of the blade of a leaf; often better seen on the under surface 

 than on the upper surface. 



MM. Abbreviation for millimeter. 1/10 of a centimeter. 1/1000 of a 

 meter. 



NEEDLE-LIKE LEAVES. NEEDLES. Very narrow evergreen leaves 

 with almost parallel side margins. The needles may be round like 

 a thread-needle or flat like a tape-needle. They may be sharp- 

 pointed or blunt. 



NETTED-VEINED. With the smallest veins interlacing. Best seen 

 by holding the leaf up to the light and looking through it. 



NODE. A joint on a stem (branch or twig) at which one or more 

 leaves and buds grow or have grown. Each leaf should have one 

 or more buds in its axil. 



NOTCHED. The tip of the leaf having a little v-shaped slit where the 

 tip might have been ; not pointed. 



OBLONG LEAF. Side margins tending to be parallel for at least part 

 of their length. Leaves wider than those called needles. 



OPPOSITE. Two leaves or twigs facing each other at a node on a 

 stem. The next pair (if leaves) will be at right angles to the first, 

 making four vertical ranks up and down the stem. The next pair 

 but one will be over the first pair. 



22 



