VEINING. The arrangement of the strands which conduct the food 

 supply. Often forming ridges, especially on the undersurface of a 

 leaf. The largest veins determine whether a leaf is pinnately or 

 palmately veined; and the smallest ones whether it is parallel- or 

 netted-veined. 



VISIBLE. Seen from one point of view without turning the object. 



WARTY. Bearing roundish lumps of bark. 



WAVY. A margin which is not quite entire ; scalloped or uneven ; not 

 sharp-toothed. 



WEDGE-LIKE, WEDGES. See SPIKE. 



WHORLED. An arrangement of more than two leaves at a node. 



WIDTH. The distance across the surface of a leaf from one side mar- 

 gin to the other. The term implies the greatest width. Also the 

 distance from one end of a leaf-scar to the other across the twig. 



WILD. Growing without care from man. Applied principally to native 

 trees. 



WINGED RACHIS. A rachis with a thin flat border on each side. 



WINTER-BUDS. Those buds which remain on the trees all winter. 

 As some of them were contained in the winter-buds of the previous 

 year they can be seen, if they are not concealed under the bark, as 

 soon as those buds open in the Spring. They reach their full size 

 and mature texture in the summer. For examination purposes un- 

 opened buds of the previous year may often be found. The KEY 

 descriptions refer to the largest buds, with the exceptions of cat- 

 kins. 



WOOLLY. Densely hairy, with long, interwoven hairs. 



YEAR'S GROWTH. This begins with several encircling scars, the re- 

 mains of a bud of the previous year. It ends with similar scars; or, 

 if the newest wood, with an end-bud, or a top side-bud and the tip 

 of the twig. The most recent year's growth usually differs from the 

 others in the appearance of the bark. 



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