xiv CONTENTS 



Chap. S6, contd. PagE 



13. The Lipoic Acid Hypothesis 1698 



14. Tracer Studies of Special Forms of Photosynthesis 1701 



B. Photosynthesis and Phosphate Metabolism 1702 



C. Nitrate Metabolism and Photosynthesis 1709 



Bibliography 1710 



Chap. 37. Miscellaneous Additions to Volumes I and II. 1 1714 



A. Structure and Composition of Chloroplasts, Chromoplasts and the 

 Chromatoplasm 1714 



1. Light Microscopy 1714 



2. Electron Microscopy 1718 



(a) Structure 1718 



(b) Shape, Dimensions and Composition 1733 



(c) Location of Chlorophyll 1736 



3. Ultracentrifuge Study 1740 



4. Optical Evidence of Chloroplast Structure 1741 



5. Composition of Chloroplasts 1742 



(a) Proteins, Lipids and Nucleotides 1742 



(b) Enzymes 1744 



(c) Heavy Metals 1749 



(d) Ascorbic Acid 1749 



6. State of Pigments in Chloroplasts 1750 



(a) Chloroplastin 1750 



(b) Crystallized Liproprotein-Chlorophyll 1751 



(c) Is All Chlorophyll in the Cell in the Same State? 1752 



(d) Location of Accessory Pigments 1754 



Bibliography 1755 



B. Chemistry of Chloroplast Pigments (Excluding Photochemistry). 1759 



1. Biosynthesis of Chlorophyll; The Protochlorophyll 1759 



2. Biogenesis of Chlorophyll; Earlier Precursors 1768 



3. Isomers and Solvates of Chlorophyll 1771 



4. Oxidation, Allomerization and Reduction of Chlorophyll 1773 



5. Crystallization and Stability of Chlorophyll and Bacteriochloro- 

 phyll 1782 



6. Nature of Chlorophyll c 1786 



7. Chemistry of Bacteriochlorophyll and Bacterioviridin 1786 



8. Molecular Structure and Properties of Phycobilins 1788 



Bibliography 1790 



C. Spectroscopy and Fluorescence of Pigments 1793 



1. Theory of Chlorophyll Spectrum 1793 



2. New Measurements of Absorption Spectra of Pigments in Solu- 

 tion 1799 



(a) Chlorophyll, Chlorophyllides and Pheophorbides 1799 



(b) Bacteriochlorophyll and Derivatives 1806 



(c) Protochlorophyll and Other Porphin Derivatives 1808 



(d) Spectra of Accessory Pigments 1809 



(e) Infrared Spectra of Chlorophyll and Its Derivatives 1811 



3. Spectra of Crystalline and Colloidal Chlorophyll Derivatives. . 1815 



4. Fluorescence of Chlorophyll in vitro 1827 



