LEPTOMEDUS^: EUTIMA. 295 



Genus EUTIMA McCrady, 1857. 



Eulima, McCrady, 1857, Gymn. Charleston Harbor, p. 87.— Agassiz, L., 1862, Cont. Nat. Hist. U. S., vol. 4, p. 363.— Agassiz, 

 A., 1 865, North Amer. Acalepha?, p. 116. — Brooks, 1882, Studies Biol. Lab. Johns Hopkins Univ., vol. 2, p. 140. — Fewkes, 

 1881, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. at Harvard College, vol. 8, p. 158. — Bigelow, H. B., 1909, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. at 

 Harvard College, vol. 37, p. 165. 



Eulima + Eutimeta + Eutimalphes+ Octorchis + Octorchandra, Haeckel, 1879, Syst. der Medusen, pp. 190, 194, 196, 197. 



Sens, ampl., Eulima, Maas, 1905, Craspedoten Medusen Siboga Exped., Monog. 10, p. 34. 



Octorchis, Browne, 1905, Report Pearl Oyster Fisheries, Gulf of Manaar, p. 140. 



Campanopsis (hydroid), Claus, 1881, Arbeit. Zool. Inst. Wien, Bd. 4, p. 91, plates 1, 2, 20 figs. 



This genus was founded by McCrady, 1857, for Eutima mira of Charleston Harbor. 



GENERIC CHARACTERS. 



Eucopidae with 8 lithocysts, 2 in each quadrant, and with 4 or more well-developed ten- 

 tacles. There are numerous rudimentary tentacles or marginal cirri. The gonads are situated 

 upon the 4 radial-canals. The stomach is mounted upon a well-developed peduncle. The 

 4, or 8, gonads are developed upon the radial-canals. The hydroid is Campanopsis. 



The gonads may be developed upon the sides of the peduncle, or upon the subumbrella, or 

 upon both places at one and the same time. Moreover, the gonads which begin to develop 

 upon the subumbrella and the peduncle may eventually grow toward and fuse with each 

 other, thus forming a single long gonad upon each radial-canal. Thus the medusae may be 

 found with 4 gonads, one on each radial-canal or 8 gonads, 2 on each canal. The tentacles 

 may increase with age from 4 to more than 16. When young the medusae usually have neither 

 marginal nor lateral cirri. Different individuals of the same species may be colorless or highly 

 colored, green or bluish-green being prevalent. 



Haeckel has constructed 5 genera out of McCrady's Eutima as follows: Eutima, 4 

 tentacles, 4 gonads; Eutimeta, 8 tentacles, 4 gonads; Eutimal plies, more than 8 tentacles, 

 4 gonads; Octorchis, 8 tentacles, 8 gonads; Octorchandra, more than 8 tentacles, 8 gonads. 



Eutima, Eutimeta, and Octorchis Haeckel appear, at least in some cases, to be merely 

 developmental stages in the ontogeny of Eutimalphes and Octorchandra, and I agree with 

 Maas, 1905, in believing that the definition of the genus should be amplified. The hydroid 

 of Eutima (Campanopsis) has been reared by Claus, 1881, and Brooks, 1886. 



The species of Eutima have been founded upon minute distinctions which, in view of the 

 considerable degree of variability observed in individual medusae, make it certain that many 

 of them are mere growth-stages or local variations. This is especially true of the American 

 authors who have upon insufficient evidence greatly multiplied the "species" ot these medusae. 

 It is probable that E. limpida, gracilis, and emarginata are identical with E. mira. 



Eutima is closely related to Eirene, but in Eirene there are more than 8 lithocysts. 



The synoptic table, on page 296, will serve to illustrate the minuteness of the distinc- 

 tions upon which authors have endeavored to separate these very variable medusae into dis- 

 tinct species. 



Eutima mira McCrady. 

 Plate 39, fig. 1; plate 40, figs. 3 and 3'. 



Eulima mira, McCrady, 1857, Gymn. Charleston Harbor, p. 88, plate 11, figs. 8, 9. — Agassiz, L., 1862, Cont. Nat. Hist. 

 U. S., vol. 4, p. 363. — Agassiz, A., 1865, North Amer. Acalepha?, p. 1 16.— Haeckel, 1879, Syst. der Medusen, p. 191. — 

 Brooks, 1884, Zool. Anzeiger, Jahrg. 7, p. 709; 1886, Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 3, p. 395, plates 38, 39 

 (hydroid). — Nutting, 1901, Bull. U. S. Fish Commission, vol. 19, p. 378, fig. 93. 



Eutima limpida, Agassiz, A., 1865, North American Acal., p. 116, figs. 173, 178. 



Eutima emarginata (young medusa), Brooks, 1882, Studies Johns Hopkins Biol. Lab., vol. 2, p. 141. 



Eutima mira=E. limpida, Hargitt, 1908, Biol. Bulletin, vol. 14, p. in. 



Eutima gracilis (young medusa), Fevvkes, 1881, Bull. Museum Comp. Zool. at Harvard College, vol. 8, p. 158, plate 5, figs. 1-4. 



Bell about 1. 5 times as broad as high, about 15 to 30 mm. in diameter. There are 4 

 radially situated tentacles, each about 3 times as long as bell-diameter; also about 100 small, 

 rudimentary nodules upon the bell-margin, some of which give rise to cirri. There are usually 

 no lateral cirri flanking the tentacles when adult, but these commonly occur in the young 

 medusa. There are 8 lithocysts, 2 in each quadrant. Each lithocyst contains 4 to 8 spherical, 

 highly refractive concretions. Velum quite well developed. There are 4 straight, slender radial- 



