492 MEDUSA OF THE WORLD. 



with it, and the other canals are shorter. There are typically as many tentacles as there are 

 canals, but as the tentacle begins to develop before its canal they may appear more numerous. 

 Thus in Bigelow's specimens the tentacles ranged from 22 to 25 while the canals ranged from 

 18 to 21. When they first appear the tentacles arise from the bell-margin but later turn 

 outward and upward so that they appear to emerge from the sides of the bell above the margin, 

 but the exumbral furrows connecting the tentacles with the margin remain open grooves. 

 Tentacles hollow, longer than bell-height, and when fully grown there is a well-developed 

 terminal nematocyst-knob. 



Manubrium wide and barrel-shaped, two-thirds as broad as long, and halt as long as 

 depth of bell-cavity. Its base is cruciform. The 4 gonads are upon the interradial sides of 

 the stomach, and each one consists of a double series of narrow, regularly spaced transverse 

 folds. Gonads deep brownish-red, terminal knobs of tentacles pale yellowish. In the Gulf 

 Stream off the southern coast of New England, between 175 fathoms and the surface, being 

 apparently a member of the intermediate fauna. 



Cytaeis vulgaris Agassiz and Mayer (see page 134). 

 Cytaeis vulgaris, Bigelow, H. B., 1909, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. at Harvard College, vol. 37, p. 190, plates 6, 40, and 43. 



Bigelow presents good evidence tending to show that C. herdmani ot Browne, 1905, from 

 Ceylon is identical with C. vulgaris of the tropical Pacific. Bigelow's largest specimens 

 were 5 mm. in diameter and had 42 oral tentacles. All of his larger specimens were develop- 

 ing medusa-buds upon their manubria. The entodermal core of the tentacles and tentacle- 

 bulbs was deep salmon or chocolate-red and the manubrium pale salmon-red. Bigelow records 

 it from 300 fathoms to the surface between Manga Reva and the Galapagos. 



Podocoryne carnea (see page 136). 

 Podocoryne carnea, Goette, 1907, Zeit. fur wissen. Zool., Bd. 87, p. 5, taf. 1-3, fign. 1-63. 



Goette gives a detailed account of his studies of the development of the medusae, the 

 origin and migrations of the germ cells, and the development of the sperm. His account 

 of the processes involved in the development of the medusa-bud is the most complete yet 

 published. The ring-canal is not formed by side branches at the terminal ends of the 4 radial- 

 canals, but by irregular fusions at the ends of the 4 entodermal pouches which eventually form 



the radial-canals. 



Podocoryne anechinata Ritchie. 



Podocoryne anechinata, Ritchie, 1907, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 499, plate 23, figs. 8-10. 



This form is distinguished by the fact that its hydrorhiza consists of a single layer of 

 chitinous tubes forming wide, rectangular meshes, the individual tubes being almost 0.1 mm. 

 in diameter and bearing honey-yellow colored chitinous thickenings at fairly regular intervals 

 in their side walls. The whole network is covered by a thin layer of ccenosarc, but there are 



no spines. 



The nutritive zooids are club-shaped, only 0.9 mm. high, and with about 9 tentacles in 

 two closely set rows. The reproductive polypites are swollen and have about 7 tentacles. 

 Medusae have 4 blunt tentacles when set free. 



Porto Praya, Santiago, Cape Verde Islands, in 5 fathoms, August. 



Lymnorea alexandri Mayer (see page 154). 

 Lvmnorea alexandri, Bicelow, H. B., 1909, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. at Harvard College, vol. 37, p. 193, plates 40 and 44. 



Bigelow records this species from Acapulco Harbor, Pacific coast of Mexico. He obtained 

 4 specimens, the largest being 2.5 mm. high and nearly 2.5 mm. wide, and with 46 marginal 

 tentacles. Previous accounts record this medusa from the West Indian region. 



Bougainvillia fulva Agassiz and Mayer (see page 160). 

 Bougainvillia fulva, Hartlai.b, 1909, Zoologische Jahrbiich., Abth. Syst., Bd. 27, p. 448, taf. 19, fign. 1-4. 



2 specimens from Djibuti, east coast of Africa. 



