APPENDIX. 497 



both ends free. 4 large, perradial tentacle-bulbs, with well-developed tentacles, and about 

 75 to 100 small marginal bulbs without teniacles, the 4 interradial ones being somewhat larger 

 than the others. These bulbs bear no relation in arrangement to the radial-canals. Each 

 of the small tentacle-bulbs bears a simple ectodermal ocellus on its outer side. There are 

 about twice as many lithocyst-capsules as tentacle-bulbs, each with 2 concretions. Velum 

 narrow. Gonads light reddish-yellow, other pans colorless. 



Amphogona pusilla Hartlaub. 

 Amphogona pusilla, Hartlaub, 1909, Zoologische Jahrbiich., Abth. Syst., Bd. 27, p. 462, taf. 21, fig. 27. 



Bell 1.5 mm. wide, nearly hemispherical, and thin-walled. 16 well-developed, contractile 

 tentacles covered with prominent nettling-cells and rolled into helices. The 8 radial tentacles 

 longer than interradial. Velum fairly wide and bestrewn with groups of very small nettling- 

 cells. Sensory-clubs ( ?) Peduncle short, conical. Stomach small with 4 simple, pointed lips. 

 8 narrow, straight radial-canals with 8 spherical gonads upon the middle of their distal halves. 



In one of Hartlaub's specimens 4 male gonads alternated with 4 female, but in the other 

 specimen all of the gonads were unisexual and female. It will be remembered that in Bigelow's 

 specimens of Amphogona the gonads of each specimen were unisexual, while Browne found 

 only bisexual specimens. It seems, therefore, that the hermaphroditic condition is developed 

 only in certain individuals, as is apparently the case in Chrysaora among Scyphomedusae. 

 Hartlaub records two specimens of Amphogona pusilla from Djibuti, East Africa, in May. 

 It is distinguished from A. apsteini by its small number of tentacles (see page 405). 



Liriope rosacea Eschscholtz (see page 417). 

 Liriope rosacea, Hartlaub, 1909, Zoologische Jahrbiicher, Abth. Syst., Bd. 27, p. 466, taf. 22, fign. 28, 31, 32. 



Hartlaub describes this medusa from the coast of East Africa. 



Liriope haeckeli Goette (see page 421). 

 Liriope haeckeli, Hartlaub, 1909, Zoologische Jahrbiich., Abth. Syst., Bd. 27, p. 464, taf. 22, fign. 29, 30, 33. 



Bell 12 mm. wide, 5 mm. high, gelatinous substance thick. Peduncle together with 

 stomach one-and-one-half times as long as bell-diameter. Peduncle 4-sided, pyramidal, 

 slender, and arising abruptly from subumbrella without a flaring base. Gonads triangular 

 with blunt, broad outer points, concave sides and rounded angles. They are developed upon 

 the distal three-sevenths of the broad radial-canals close to the ring-canal and are narrower 

 than the arcs between them. 3 wide, bluntly-ending centripetal canals in each quadrant. 

 Coast of Zanzibar, September, 1885. Color (?) 



Gonionemus murbachii Perkins (see page 343). 



Gonionemus murbachii, Terry, 1909, Am. Journ. Physiol., vol. 17, p. 354. — Morris, 1909, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 

 22, p. 179. — Murbach, 1909, Biol. Bulletin Woods Hole, vol. 17, p. 354. 



Terry finds that in normal sea-water H 2 2 initiates pulsation in the marginless bell of 

 Gonionemus by increasing the oxidative processes. Pulsations are caused by oxygen in alkaline, 

 but not in normal sea-water, for oxidation occurs more rapidly in alkaline than in neutral or 

 acid media. 



Morris states that Mayer's designation Gonionemus murbachii is a nomen nudum for this 

 author merely calls attention to the difference between the then existing descriptions of G. vertens 

 by A. Agassiz, and of the Woods Hole medusa by Murbach, and does not present a new 

 description of the medusa. Thus happily we may designate as the author of the species, 

 Perkins, whose graphic account of the appearance, habits, and development of this medusa is 

 quoted at length in this volume. 



Murbach studies the light-reactions of the medusa and concludes that the animal does not 

 usually direct its movements to favorable locations, but swims at random until it comes into a 

 favorable environment where it settles down. The medusa turns away from intense light. 

 Change in the intensity of light produces a reaction on the part of the medusa. Inhibition of 



