PARAMECIUM 43 



along with food, thus by their color making the food vacuoles 

 very conspicuous, 



6. How does the endoplasm differ from the ectoplasm? 

 Are the two entirely distinct ? Watch specimens crowd through 

 narrow places. How are ectoplasm and endoplasm affected? 

 Notes required. 



7. Under high power watch the passage of carmine grains 

 down the gullet. Describe the formation into food vacuoles. 

 Where do the granules enter the endoplasm? Do the food 

 vacuoles move in a definite direction? Compare motion with 

 that of granules of endoplasm. Notes required. 



8. Note the streaming of granules in the endoplasm. Di- 

 rection ? Distinguish the spherical food and water vacuoles, the 

 minute structural granules of the endoplasm, and the small 

 crystals. 



9. Describe the course of the oral groove. On what sur- 

 face of the animal is it located? The groove continues at its 

 posterior end into the gullet. Describe the course of the gullet. 

 Is it lined with cilia? Notes required. 



10. Solid waste material which accumulates in the body is 

 discharged through a special opening called the anus. Ordin- 

 arily this is not observable except when waste matter is being 

 given off. There is neither mouth nor anus in Amoeba. Why 

 are they necessary in Paramecium ? Note required. 



11. Contractile Vacuoles. Look for large contractile 

 vacuoles which disappear from time to time. How many do you 

 find? Is the location definite? In which body layer? At 

 certain stages in its functioning, each contractile vacuole has a 

 more or less star-shaped appearance, caused by radiating lines 

 from th& vacuole into the surrounding endoplasm. These 

 radiating canaJs bring the fluid wastes into the vacuole. 



If you have trouble in locating the radiating canals in fresh 

 preparations, draw some of the water from under the cover- 

 glass, by use of a piece of filter paper, until the coverglass rests 

 upon the paramecia and compresses them slightly. Under these 

 circumstances canals are plainly visible. 



