INTRODUCTION XV 



ANTARCTIC, the continent of Antarctica and surrounding seas and islands. 



PALEOZOIC, includes Cambrian through Permian periods, with some Karroo 

 (Permo-Triassic) included. 



MESOZOIC, includes Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous, with some Karroo 



(Permo-Triassic) included. 

 CRETACEOUS, occasionally separated from the rest of the Mesozoic for 



convenience. 



CENOZOIC, the Tertiary and Quaternary together. 



TERTIARY, the Paleocene, Eocene, Miocene, Oligocene, and Pliocene together. 



QUATERNARY, the Pleistocene and Recent together. 



RECENT, used only to extend the interest in fossils to include an interest in the 

 forms living at the present time. (After another period and a hyphen, 

 simply extends the range of interest up to the Recent.) 



It must always be remembered that the regions cited in this section are often 

 very much larger than the ones cited in the specialty. For example, P (Palearctic) 

 may actually mean only Japan. The groups are also often much larger than those 

 actually studied. And the geological range is very often too great, as most paleon- 

 tologists specialize more narrowly than could be shown by P (Paleozoic) or M 

 (Mesozoic). Limitations must always be checked in the Address section. 



There are a few special decisions to be noted in these citations of specialties. 



(1) The general heading of Invertebrates-Fossils includes fossil Foraminifera and 

 other Protozoa, as it was found to be impossible to separate the two. When a reply 

 was received, the specialist is of course listed only under the group he cited. 



(2) Many of the geographic areas cited included the note "and surrounding regions." 

 These could not be shown. (3) Localities in Germany (West) and the Deutsche 

 Demokratische Republik (East) are kept distinct whenever possible. In a few cases 

 we were unable to identify the locality and had to leave it as Germany. (4) Nation- 

 alist China is listed as Taiwan (Formosa) to keep it distinct from the communist 

 People's Republic of China. 



The arrangement of subdivisions under each "class" is in three groups. First 

 come general headings: names for which no further data are available, ecological 

 groups, immature stages, and fossils not specified further. Second come the groups 

 within the "class" but above the rank of family. These are generally in alphabetical 

 order, regardless of rank, and little attention is paid to the form of the name, which 

 varies greatly among taxonomists. Third come all the families of the "class" which 

 were listed by any taxonomists; these are again alphabetical, with ecology or fossil 

 range shown either by sub-headings or by parenthetical codes. To emphasize these 

 three groups, the group names are capitalized, the miscellaneous headings and the 

 families are in small letters. 



The alphabetical address section contains the names of all persons who sub- 

 mitted appropriate data and all those others who failed to respond but who were 

 represented to us as being taxonomists. The names of these latter persons are 

 preceded by an asterisk ( "). The asterisk thus indicates the persons whose address 

 and specialty were not verified by them. Two requests or more were sent to each 

 of them, so there is a good chance that these addresses are no longer correct. 



Two other classes of names are included in this alphabetical listing. Persons 

 whose names were submitted as taxonomists but who replied that they do not have 

 an interest in any group of animals were omitted, but those who reported that they 

 have permanently given up taxonomic studies are listed as "Not now active in 

 taxonomy." This is done for the benefit of persons who might not be aware of this 

 change of activity. 



