Chapter IX 



B 



'y the time I assumed the office of Chief of the Service in 

 June, 1894, it had become apparent to me that there had been 

 going on for a long time an interchange of injurious insects 

 between countries. Of course this was a perfectly unwitting 

 exchange and came about ignorantly in the course of inter- 

 national commerce. It was obvious to us that the United States 

 was one of the greatest sufferers in this way, although there had 

 been striking instances in European countries as well, at least 

 for a hundred years. As we have already shown, the Woolly 

 Root Louse of the apple, for example, appeared in England 

 in the seventeen hundreds, and became known as the American 

 Blight; and many years later, the Grapevine Phylloxera was 

 found to have been carried from North America to many 

 different parts of the world, and, in fact, brought about a strict 

 quarantine in many countries against American vines. 



But the United States had done nothing, and in the meantime 

 rapidity in steamship transportation was increasing. As a result, 

 more and more insects were being brought in, and many of 

 them had become established. 



It is worthy of note that the State of California passed a 



[169] 



