INTRODUCTION 21 



The scientific name of man is written, Homo sapiens Linnaeus. 

 Such a name is composed of the genus name and species name, and 

 followed by the name of the person who wrote the first authorita- 

 tive description of the particular species. This always gives a double 

 name to a kind of animal, and for that reason it is the binomial 

 system of nomenclature. This system was originated by Linnaeus. 

 The names are in Latin instead of common vernacular because Latin 

 is a constant and almost universal language. The common names 

 would be almost certain to vary with each different language, but 

 the Latinized form Homo sapiens Linn, is the same in Dutch as it is 

 in English. 



3. Physiology is the study of the functions of the various parts 

 of the organism as well as its living process as a whole. It involves 

 a consideration of metabolism, growth, reproduction, sensitivity, and 

 adaptation. In this field is included the study of many special func- 

 tions, such as digestion, circulation, respiration, excretion, glandular 

 secretion, nervous activity, muscular contraction, and others. Many 

 of the processes which occur in the developing embryo are also in- 

 cluded here. Much of the present study referred to as cytology is 

 physiological. Physiology, like morphology, is an old branch of zoology. 

 Physiology depends upon an understanding of physics and chemistry 

 on one hand, and anatomy on the other. 



4. Pathology is the study of the abnormal structures and abnor- 

 mal functioning of life processes. It is really the science of disease 

 in all of its manifestations. 



5. Embryology is a study of thfe origin and development of the 

 individual and may be spoken of as ontogeny. It usually involves 

 the changes occurring in the organism from the time of fertilization 

 by the union of two cells, one derived from each parent, through 

 the numerous cell divisions, growth, organization, and differentiation 

 leading to the adult condition. 



6. Genetics is the division which deals with the study of varia- 

 tions, resemblances, and their inheritance from parent to offspring. 

 Fairly definite laws governing this inheritance of qualities have been 

 established by the geneticists. 



7. Phylogeny is a study of the origin and relationships of the 

 different groups and races of organisms. It is based on the results 

 of studies of morphology, embryology, genetics, zoogeography, and 

 paleontology. 



